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Fawad S. Niazi Geosystems Engineering Division Civil & Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Ap

Spatial Variability of CPT Data and Soil Parameters at NGES, Texas A&M. Fawad S. Niazi Geosystems Engineering Division Civil & Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology April 27, 2010. www.clu-in.org. Niazi et al. 2010. Scope of Study.

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Fawad S. Niazi Geosystems Engineering Division Civil & Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Ap

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  1. Spatial Variability of CPT Data and Soil Parameters at NGES, Texas A&M Fawad S. Niazi Geosystems Engineering Division Civil & Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology April 27, 2010 www.clu-in.org Niazi et al. 2010

  2. Scope of Study • Spatial variability of CPT readings for horizontal & vertical variability in soil profiles (all soundings, each10cmdepth): • Mean, min, max • Moment statistics (variance, skewness, kurtosis) • Residuals of principal comp. analysis of CPT readings (space and depth) • Test of normality (χ2 test) • Comparison of measured and evaluated soil unit weight, gt • LS regression, correlation coefficient • LS, principal component and reduced major axis regression • Higher order regression and residuals analysis

  3. Cone Penetration Test– a Hybrid Method • Site characterization: • Conventional boring/sampling methods • Lab investigations on disturbed samples • Cone penetrationtest: • Fast, economical, and continuous data • up to 4 separate readings in one sounding • Soil parameter interpretation Vs fs u2 qc Ic, t, OCR,p', Ko, su,', DR, Gmax qc, fs, u2, Vs

  4. Typical Cone Penetration Sounding VS fs u2 qt

  5. National Geotechnical Experimentation Site Riverside Campus, Texas A&M University Geotechnical Experimentation Site College Station Texas A&M University

  6. Location of Clay and Sand Sites on Riverside Campus, Texas A&M University Sand Site Clay Site

  7. Field Investigations at NGES Clay Site, Texas A&M University N 3 13 6 14 5 4 18 15 1 8 16 17 22 7 30 28 2 19 9 29 31 15 21 33 32 10 23 24 16 20 25 11 Legend 12 26 CPT 27 CPTu MCPT SCPT 15 m BH Clay Control • Testing Program • 1977 to 1995 • Nine CPT • 1995 to 1996 • Three CPTu CPT: 10 cm2 Cone Penetration Test CPTu:Piezocone Penetration Test MCPT: 2 cm2 Mini Cone Penetration Test SCPT: 15 cm2 Seismic Piezocone Penetration Test BH: Borehole • 1997 • Twelve MCPT • Six CPT • Three SCPT

  8. Horizontal Variability of Tip Resistance Profiles Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  9. Spatial Variability Trend of Tip Resistance Profiles for 33 CPT Soundings Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  10. Horizontal Variability of Sleeve Friction Profiles Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  11. Spatial Variability Trend of Sleeve Friction Profiles for 33 CPT Soundings Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  12. Residuals of Principal Comp. Analysis of qt at 0.16 m Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  13. Residuals of Principal Comp. Analysis of qt at 10.56 m Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  14. Residuals of Principal Comp. Analysis of Tip Resistance at CPT4 Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  15. Residuals of Principal Comp. Analysis of Tip Resistance at MCPT13 Critical χ2 Value = 11.08

  16. Results of Horizontal Variability Study 0 – 1.1 m 4.9 – 8.7 m 10.5 – 13.6 m

  17. Results of Vertical Variability Study N 3 13 6 14 5 4 18 15 1 8 16 A 17 22 7 30 28 2 19 9 29 31 15 21 33 32 10 23 A’ 24 16 20 25 11 Legend 12 26 CPT 27 CPTu MCPT SCPT 15 m BH • Testing Program • 1977 to 1995 • Nine CPT • 1995 to 1996 • Three CPTu CPT: 10 cm2 Cone Penetration Test CPTu:Piezocone Penetration Test MCPT: 2 cm2 Mini Cone Penetration Test SCPT: 15 cm2 Seismic Piezocone Penetration Test BH: Borehole Clay Control • 1997 • Twelve MCPT • Six CPT • Three SCPT

  18. Correlations: CPT Readings and Soil Unit Weight, gt Mayne et al. 2010 • gt = Total unit weight (kN/m3) • gw = Unit weight of water (kN/m3) • qt= Cone tip resistance (kPa) • fs= Sleeve friction (kPa) • z = Depth (m) • svo’ = Effective vertical overburden stress (kPa) • satm = Atmospheric pressure (kPa)

  19. Measured and Evaluated Soil Unit Weight Profiles

  20. Least Square Regression, Correlation Coefficient, 95% Confidence Bounds r = -0.2999 r = -0.2508

  21. Results of Vertical Variability Study N 3 13 6 14 5 4 18 15 1 8 16 17 22 7 30 28 2 19 9 29 31 15 21 33 32 10 23 24 16 20 25 11 Legend 12 26 CPT 27 CPTu MCPT SCPT 15 m BH • Testing Program • 1977 to 1995 • Nine CPT • 1995 to 1996 • Three CPTu CPT: 10 cm2 Cone Penetration Test CPTu:Piezocone Penetration Test MCPT: 2 cm2 Mini Cone Penetration Test SCPT: 15 cm2 Seismic Piezocone Penetration Test BH: Borehole Clay Control • 1997 • Twelve MCPT • Six CPT • Three SCPT

  22. Least Square Regression, Correlation Coefficient, 95% Confidence Bounds p = 0.0001 p = 0.0002

  23. Least Squares, Principal Component And Reduced Major Axis Regression Analyses

  24. Higher Order Regression Analysis

  25. Conclusions • Horizontal and vertical variability of CPT readings for better site characterization • CPT-based relationship for evaluating soil unit weight Mayne et al. 2010

  26. Spatial Variability of CPT Data and Soil Parameters at NGES, Texas A&M Fawad S. Niazi Geosystems Engineering Division Civil & Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology April 27, 2010 www.clu-in.org Niazi et al. 2010

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