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From Confederation to Federal Union

From Confederation to Federal Union. How were women affected by the war? What did women want after the war? Were women allowed to vote after the war? How did the Revolution inspire slaves? How many African Americans fought for the patriots? What is emancipation?

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From Confederation to Federal Union

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  1. From Confederation to Federal Union

  2. How were women affected by the war? • What did women want after the war? • Were women allowed to vote after the war? • How did the Revolution inspire slaves? • How many African Americans fought for the patriots? • What is emancipation? • Where did emancipation take place after the Revolution? Page 126

  3. State Constitutions • Restricted the power of the governor • Many states restricted terms to 1 year • They could not overturn laws • Reduced the influence of the church on the government

  4. Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson in 1779 • Government could not control religious beliefs

  5. Articles of Confederation • Presented on July 12, 1776 • Adopted on November 15, 1777 • The Articles created a confederation of states while guaranteeing each state its “sovereignty, freedom, and independence”

  6. Articles of Confederation Strengths • Authorized congress to borrow coin money (State could coin also) • Set policies toward Native Americans • Declare War and Make Peace • Deal with foreign countries and make treaties • Operate a post office

  7. Articles of Confederation Weaknesses • The national government could not force the states to obey its laws. • It did not have the power to tax • It did not have the power to enforce laws • Congress lacked steady leadership • No national army or navy • No system of national courts

  8. Articles of Confederation Weaknesses • Amendments needed the approval of all 13 states • Major legislation needed the approval of 9 states • Some states avoided paying war debt • Each state could issue its own paper money • Each state could put tariffs on trade between states.  

  9. Page 136-137 • Why did Congress need money? • What did Congress want to sell to raise money? • How was land divided under the Land Ordinance of 1785? • How much was land being sold for? • Who did this law benefit? • How many people did a territory need to apply for statehood? • What states came out of the Northwest Territory?

  10. Shays’ Rebellion • Massachusetts legislature passed a law that imposed heavy taxes on land to pay war debt • If land owners did not pay the courts would seize their land • “taxation without representation” • Daniel Shays led a rebellion and shut down debtor courts and stopped property auctions

  11. Shays’ Rebellion • December 26, 1786 Shays and 1,200 farmers set out for Springfield, Massachusetts to seize the federal arsenal • The governor called for 4,000 recruits • Shays men attacked in late January • 4 farmers were killed by artillery and Shays men fled

  12. Result of Shays’ Rebellion • The rebellion raised doubts about the central government’s power • Many people called for the Confederation to have more power

  13. Drafting and Ratifying the Constitution

  14. What document needed to be amended at the Constitutional Convention? • What were the 2 key things that needed to be changed? • Why were the windows in Independence Hall closed? • Who were the leading thinkers of the convention? • How did both men feel about democracy? Page 142-143

  15. TheGreat Compromise • Proposed by Roger Sherman of Connecticut • Allowed for equal representation and representation based on population • Each state regardless of size would have equal representation in the upper house • Representation would be based on population in the lower house

  16. The Three-Fifths Compromise • Another problem arose in the convention • Should Slaves be counted as part of the population • Southerners wanted slaves to be counted as part of the population, but northerners objected • Counting the slave population would give southern states more representation • The final agreement was only three-fifths of the slave population would be counted to determine representation

  17. Compromise on Commerce • Northerners favored giving the national government the power to regulate all trade with foreign nations and among the states • The Southern economy depended on export • They feared the government would place tariffs (taxes) on these exports • Government would only be able to levy taxes on imports and not exports • Excluding slave trade until 1807

  18. Completing the Constitution • July 26, 1787 five delegates began drafting the Constitution • The final copy was drafted on September 17, 1787 • 39 delegates signed it then it went to congress and the states for ratification

  19. Federalists • Favored the ratification of the Constitution • Typically wealthy planters, merchants, and lawyers • Supported a strong central government who could ensure a strong currency

  20. Antifederalists • Feared a powerful national government • Offered 3 objections to the Constitution • The delegates of the Constitutional Convention conspired in a “veil of mystery” and had gone beyond what they were charged to do • A strong central government would destroy states rights • The new system of government resembled a monarchy and violated the principle of liberty that guided the revolution

  21. Antifederalists • Pointed out that under the constitution voters did not directly elect the president • Electors who were delegates selected by the state government chose the president • Voters only elected members of the lower house

  22. The Federalist Papers • The federalist wrote a series of 85 essays to answer their critics • Written by Madison, Hamilton, and John Jay • These essays appeared in newspapers throughout the states

  23. Ratifying the Constitution • New York and Virginia did not want to ratify the constitution without a bill of rights • However, by June 21, 1788 enough states had ratified the constitution for it to take effect • New York Federalists threatened to withdraw New York City from the state if the state did not ratify the constitution • Washington and Madison urged Virginia to ratify the constitution • Rhode Island was the last state to ratify the Constitution

  24. The Constitution a Living Document Chap 5 sec 3

  25. Delegated Powers • Held by the federal government • Coin money • Regulate trade with foreign nations and among the states • Raise and support an army and a navy

  26. Reserved Powers • Held by state government • Establishing local government • Overseeing schools

  27. Concurrent Powers • Held jointly by state government and federal government • Levying and collecting taxes • Borrowing money • Providing the public welfare • Establishing courts • Enforcing laws

  28. Supremacy Clause • Found in article VI of the Constitution • “This Constitution, and the laws …and all treaties…of the United States shall be supreme law of the land”

  29. Separation of Powers • Legislative branch makes the laws • Executive branch enforces the laws • Judicial branch interprets the laws

  30. Executive Branch

  31. Executive Branch • Responsibilities • Head of the Government • Sets foreign policy • Commander and chief of the armed forces

  32. Legislative Branch • The United States Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives

  33. The House of Representatives • 435 members • Its major power is to pass federal legislation

  34. Democrat: 188 Republican 245 Vacant: 2

  35. The House of Representatives • California 53 • Texas 32 • New York 29 • New Jersey 13 • Alaska, Delaware, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming each have 1

  36. Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy Minority Leader Nancy Polosi

  37. Speaker of the House John Boehner

  38. Your Congressman Congressman Leonard Lance

  39. The Senate • Upper house of the Legislative Branch • 100 members • 6 year terms • Powers include ratifying treaties and confirming the appointment of Cabinet secretaries, federal judges, ambassadors, and others

  40. Democrats 53 Republicans 45 Independent 2

  41. Your Senators Cory Booker Robert Menendez

  42. Electoral College • 538 electors • Elect president and vice president • Winner takes all except for Maine and Nebraska • 270 votes are needed to become president

  43. Electoral College

  44. What is the smallest amount of states that will win the 270 majority?

  45. Presidential Powers to check Congress • The president can Veto any bill passed by congress • Veto-official rejection of legislation • Congress can override a presidential veto with a two-thirds majority vote

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