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Refraction

Refraction. Refraction. Although light travels in straight lines, it bends when it passes from one medium to another. Medium (plural “media”) - the material that is being used or undergoing a process. Refraction.

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Refraction

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  1. Refraction

  2. Refraction • Although light travels in straight lines, it bends when it passes from one medium to another Medium (plural “media”) - the material that is being used or undergoing a process

  3. Refraction Refraction = the bending of light rays as they pass between two different media

  4. Refraction • Refraction occurs due to changes in the speed of light in different mediums • Different media slow down light by different amounts • The more that light slows down, the more the light is refracted

  5. Refraction in Water • Light rays change direction at the surface of the water • The image of the chest appears to be more shallow than the actual chest

  6. Speed of Light • In a vacuum: • However, it is impossible for light to move at this speed when particles get in the way… or

  7. Refraction • The particles in a medium slow down the passage of light waves • Light only refracts at the boundary when it is entering or leaving a medium

  8. or Index of Refraction Index of Refraction = the amount by which a transparent medium decreases the speed of light (since units cancel, a refractive index does not have any units)

  9. = 3.00 x 108 m/s 1.91 x 108 m/s Given:Speed of light in glass = 1.91 x 108 m/sSpeed of light in vacuum = 3.00 x 108 m/s = 1.57 The refractive index is 1.57

  10. 1.33 = 3.00 x 108 m/sv Given:Refractive index in water = 1.33Speed of light in a vacuum = 3.00 x 108 m/s v = 2.26 x 108 m/s The speed of light in water is 2.26 x 108 m/s

  11. How Light Refracts • The part of the light beam that hits the medium first will slow down first

  12. Angle of Refraction • The angle of refraction is measured relative to the normal low refractive index (e.g. air)  high refractive index (e.g. glass) • Light bends towards the normal

  13. Angle of Refraction high refractive index (e.g. glass)  low refractive index (e.g. air) • Light bends away from the normal

  14. Dispersion • The amount of refraction is different for each colour • A single beam of whitelight can be split into a rainbow of colours • Dispersion = the refraction of white light into separate wavelengths (colours)

  15. Rainbows

  16. Rainbows

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