connscu Library Technology Perspectives

1. Marshall Breeding Independent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://www.librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding connscu Library Technology Perspectives All ConnSCU Day for Library Staff July 16, 2012

2. ConnSCUBackground • Mergers and Apprehension, Inside Higher Ed. Nov. 22, 2011“Connecticut’s community colleges now share both a governing board and a bad state budget with the Connecticut State University System.”Inside Higher Ed http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2011/11/22/connecticut-merges-community-colleges-and-four-year-system

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. ILS Turnover Report

5. ILS Turnover Report -- Reverse

6. Mergers and Acquisitions http://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl

7. Topic: Technology Trends • What technologies or technology trends (disruptive or otherwise!) should we be paying close attention to and/or incorporating in ConnSCU strategic initiatives? How will new technologies or technology trends influence the way services are delivered to our clienteles, and will different staff skill sets, workflows, etc. need cultivating?

8. Key Context: Libraries in Transition • Academic Shift from Print > Electronic • E-journal transition largely complete • Circulation of print collections slowing • E-books now in play (consultation > reading) • Public: Emphasis on Patron Engagement • Increased pressure on physical facilities • Increased circulation of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in e-books • All libraries: • Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections • Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections • Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability

9. Key Context: Technologies in transition • Client / Server > Web-based computing • Beyond Web 2.0 • Integration of social computing into core infrastructure • Local computing shifting to cloud platforms • Application Service Provider offerings standard • New expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-service • Full spectrum of devices • full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile • Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

10. Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata management • Moving away from individual record-by-record creation • Life cycle of metadata • Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced along the way as needed • Manage metadata in bulk when possible • E-book collections • Highly shared metadata • E-journal knowledge bases, e.g. • Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked data • Very little progress in linked data for operational systems • AACR2 > RDA • MARC > RDF (recent announcement of Library of Congress)

11. Each Library Type Distinctive • Academic – Public – School – Special • Academic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resources • Public: Engaged in the management of print collections • Dramatic increase in interest in E-books • School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media management • Special: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)

12. Cooperation and Resource sharing • Efforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidate • Many regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems) • State-wide or national implementations • Software-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementations • Many libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

13. Status Quo Sustainable? • ILS for management of (mostly) print • Duplicative financial systems between library and campus • Electronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS) • OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articles • Digital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.) • Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.) • Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collections • No effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

14. Academic Library Issues • Greater concern with electronic resources • Management: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflows • Access: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

15. Major trend in Information Technology Few organizations have core competence in large-scale computer infrastructure management Essentially outsourcing of server housing and management Usually based on a consumption-based business model Most new automation products delivered through some flavor of cloud computing Many flavors to suit business needs: public, private, hybrid Cloud Computing

16. Multi Tennant SaaS is the modern approach One copy of the code base serves multiple sites Software functionality delivered entirely through Web interfaces No workstation clients Upgrades and fixes deployed universally Usually in small increments Software as a Service

17. SaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data models WorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all libraries Primo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo Central KnowledgeWorks database of of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions products General opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows Data as a service

18. Open Systems • Achieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategies • Libraries need to do more with their data • Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies • Demand for Interoperability • Open source – full access to internal program of the application • Open API’s – expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

19. Mobile Computing

20. Topic: Cooperation and Discovery • How can the libraries of the newly formed CT State Colleges and Universities (ConnSCU) leverage its human, technological, and financial resources to provide exemplary and innovative library services? Are there examples of consortia that have done this successfully and how did they accomplish it? What is the current definition of a discovery service? What are the challenges to newly formed consortia where the members have long operated separately and have complementary but different missions and student populations.

21. Other AcademicLibrary Examples What is a reasonable scale of cooperative implementation?

22. Connecticut • Flagship University of Connecticut system separate • ConnSCU • Connecticut State Library • 4 Connecticut State Universities • CONSULS shared Millennium system • Community Colleges • 12 College Libraries • Shared Voyager system

23. Florida University and Community Colleges • FCLA Florida Center for Library Automation • 11 University Library Systems • Transition from multiple Aleph institutions to one • Mango discovery service remains • CCLA College Center for Library Automation • 82 college campus libraries in 66 cities • Florida Distance Learning Consortium • Florida Center for Advising and Academic Support • Florida Virtual Campus

24. Orbis Cascade Alliance • 37 academic libraries in Oregon, Washington and Idaho • www.orbiscascade.org • Currently operating separate ILS products • Working toward a shared ILS • Short list = Sierra or Alma

25. City University of New York Libraries • 19 Campus Libraries • Shared Aleph implementation • Use native Aleph catalog

26. California • University of California system • Shared Melvyl catalog • Aleph > WorldCat Local • Separate ILS implementations • California State University System • 440,000 students and faculty in 23 universities • System-wide purchase of Summon

27. University of Georgia System • 13 million bibliographic records 13.9 million items • 35 institutions • Galileo Interconnected Libraries • Voyager for ILS • VuFind for discovery across all libraries • http://gil.usg.edu/gilhome/docs/GIL_fact_sheet.pdf

28. Limits of Shared Implementations • Hardware and software scales infinitely • Size of databases not restricted • Limitations: • Complexity of policies • Independence of institutions • Local control • Shared governance

29. Challenge: Disjointed approach to information and service delivery • Library Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos: • Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module) • Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections • OpenURL linking services • E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver) • Subject guides (e.g. SpringshareLibGuides) • Local digital collections • ETDs, photos, rich media collections • Metasearch engines • Discovery Services – often just another choice among many • All searched separately

30. ILS Data Online Catalog Search: Scope of Search • Books, Journals, and Media at the Title Level • Not in scope: • Articles • Book Chapters • Digital objects • Web site content • Etc. Search Results

31. Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface (2002-2009) • Single search box • Query tools • Did you mean • Type-ahead • Relevance ranked results (for some content sources) • Faceted navigation • Enhanced visual displays • Cover art • Summaries, reviews, • Recommendation services

32. Discovery Interface search model ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Search Results EBSCOhost MetaSearch Engine … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Real-time query and responses

33. Discovery Products http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

34. Differentiation in Discovery • Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries • Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection • Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

35. Discovery from Local to Web-scale • Initial products focused on technology • AquaBrowser, Endeca,Primo, Encore, VuFind, • LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell Arena • Mostly locally-installed software • Current phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery • Primo Central (Ex Libris) • Summon (Serials Solutions) • WorldCat Local (OCLC) • EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO) • Encore with Article Integration (no index, though)

36. Web-scale Index-based Discovery ILS Data (2009- present) Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Aggregated Content packages Search Results Consolidated Index … E-Journals Reference Sources Pre-built harvesting and indexing

37. Web-scale Search Problem ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Web Site Content Institutional Repositories Consolidated Index Aggregated Content packages Search Results … E-Journals Pre-built harvesting and indexing ??? Non Participating Content Sources Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index

38. Encore Synergy ILS Data Digital Collections Search: Local Index ProQuest Local Index Results … EBSCOhost Remote Search Results … MLA Bibliography Web Services Local Index Results ABC-CLIO

39. New Library Management Model Unified Presentation Layer Search: Self-Check /Automated Return Library Services Platform ` Digital Coll Search Engine Consolidated index Discovery Service ProQuest API Layer StockManagement EBSCO … Enterprise ResourcePlanning Smart Cad / Payment systems JSTOR LearningManagement AuthenticationService Other Resources

40. Next-gen catalogs or discovery services have been around since 2002 Many mature products Continuing to evolve and expand Online catalog components of ILS products have taken on many of the characteristics of discovery layers Examples: LS2 PAC, Polaris PowerPAC Adoption of Discovery Services

41. Discovery Service Installations

42. EBSCO Discovery Service

43. Global Primo Installations

44. Summon Global Adoption

45. Expanding the Depth of Discovery

46. Citations / Metadata > Full Text • Citations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigation • Indexing Full-text of content amplifies access • Important to understand depth indexing • Currency, dates covered, full-text or citation • Many other factors

47. Full-text Book indexing • HathiTrust: 11 million volumes, 5.3 million titles, 263,000 serial titles, 3.5 billion pages • HathiTrust in Discovery Indexes • Primo Central (Jan 20, 2012) [previously indexed only metadata] • EBSCO Discovery Service (Sept 8 2011) • WorldCat Local (Sept 7, 2011) • Summon (Mar 28, 2011)

48. Challenge for Relevancy • Technically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLR • Difficult to order records in ways that make sense • Many fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given query • Must rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

49. Quest for Improved Relevancy • Example: Ex Libris Primo ScholarRank • Relevancy tuned for scholarly content • Uses bX data to assign score that reflects scholarly importance • Able to weight by disciplines and filter by other factors for signed-in users • Now available in Primo Version 4

50. Challenges for Collection Coverage • To work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collections • What about publishers that do not participate? • Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level? • What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users? • How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?