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Plasma Jets

Plasma Jets. Fred Pacifico Rebecca Shipman ELEC-6750 Dr. Tzeng Spring 2004. Objectives. Questions Acronyms Background and Development Physical Properties Different Types of Plasma Jets A Plasma Jet Application. Emerging Construction Technologies, Plasma Arc Torch Technology.

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Plasma Jets

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  1. Plasma Jets Fred Pacifico Rebecca Shipman ELEC-6750 Dr. Tzeng Spring 2004

  2. Objectives • Questions • Acronyms • Background and Development • Physical Properties • Different Types of Plasma Jets • A Plasma Jet Application Emerging Construction Technologies, Plasma Arc Torch Technology. http://www.new-technologies.org/ECT/Civil/plasma1.htm

  3. Questions • What are two advantages of using atmospheric plasma over low pressure plasma jets? • Why is the binding energy increased with a plasma jet application?

  4. Acronyms • RF-CCP (Radio Frequency Coupled Plasma ) • ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) • CMP (Microwave Capacitively Coupled Plasma) ** • MIP (Microwave Induced Plasma) • PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) ** Emil Cordos, Tiberiu Frentiu, Ana-Maria Rusu, Sorin Angel, Alpar Fodor, Michaela Ponta, Analytical Characterization of a Capacitively Coupled Plasma Torch with a Central Tube Electrode, Talanta 48 827–837, 1999

  5. Acronyms (cont.) • XPS (Photoelectron Spectroscopy) http://www.tmd.ac.jp/i-mde/www/org/equipments.html

  6. Acronyms (cont.) • Topography of polyvinylalcohol • AFM (Atomic Forces Microscopy) http://www.witec.de/pdf/mercury/mercuryflyer.pdf (Acquired with the Mercury 100 AFM. Courtesy of G. Haugstad, Univ. of Minneapolis) http://www.che.utoledo.edu/nadarajah/webpages/whatsafm.html

  7. Background • Development • Vortex-stabilized plasma torch • Water-stabilized arc • Gas and vapor-stabilized medium LaserStrobe image of powder injection into water stabilized plasma plume. LaserStrobe image of powder injection into gas-stabilized plasma plume. J.A. Brogan, C.C. Berndt, W.C. Smith, R.V. Gansert, S. Raghu, S. Sampath, and H. Herman.Particle Velocity Measurements. Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (1995), http://www.controlvisioninc.com/rtitech.html

  8. Physical Principles • Parts of the Arc • Cathode • Anode • Arc Column (Thermal Plasma) M. Noeske, J. Degenhardt, S. Strudthoff, U. Lommatzsch, "Plasma jet treatment of five polymers at atmospheric pressure: surface," International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 24, (2004) 171-177

  9. The Arc • Electric Discharges in Gas • DC and AC Arcs • Electrode Materials • Carbon (graphite) • Metal • The Stabilized Arc T. Iwao, T. Inaba, “Plasma length on characteristics of DC argon plasma torch arc,” in Vacuum 65 (2002), pp 299-304

  10. The Cathode • Current Flow • Electrons’ Kinetic Energy and Collisions with Neutral Atoms • Positive Ions Heat Cathode Surface • Common Materials B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma Technology. New York, NY: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.

  11. The Anode • Transition of Current • Heated by Electrons • Extreme Temperatures • Current Density and Increased Current in the Arc B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma Technology. New York, NY: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.

  12. Arc Column • Electric Field Gradient • Type of gas • Pressure • Electrode material • Cooling of the arc • External mechanical and magnetic forces • Arc Voltage B. Gross, B. Grycz, K. Miklossy, Plasma Technology. New York, NY: American Elsevier Publishing Company, Inc, 1969, pp232-273.

  13. Plasma Torches • ICP • CMP • MIP • RF-CCP E.A. Cordos, T. Frentiu, A.M. Rusu, S.D. Angel, A. Fodor, M. Ponta, “Analytical characterisation of a capacitively coupled plasma torch with a central tube electrode”

  14. Low Pressure Plasma Jets • Must use small samples • Require Vacuum => Equipment Costs • Continuous Maintenance

  15. Atmospheric Plasma Jets • No Vacuum Required • Lower Purchase and Maintenance Costs M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their surface characteristics," Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003) 839-844.

  16. Surface Treatment and Adhesion • M. Kim, S. Yang, J. Boo, J. Han: Nano-Surface Technology Team, Korea Institute of Industrial Tech. • Increased Adhesion • Surface Topographical Changes • Chemical Changes • Covalent Bond Pairs • Aggregated Particles M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their surface characteristics," Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003) 839-844.

  17. Topographical Changes Untreated PET Treated PET M. Noeske, J. Degenhardt, S. Strudthoff, U. Lommatzsch, "Plasma jet treatment of five polymers at atmospheric pressure: surface modifications and the relevance for adhesion," International Journal of Adhesion & Adhesives 24, (2004) 171-177

  18. Aggregated Particles The aggregation of particles increased with the plasma jet application and a lower N2:O2 ratio. M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their surface characteristics," Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003) 839-844.

  19. Binding Energy High-resolution XPS spectra of the C 1s binding energy region before (…) and after (–) plasma activation. M.C. Kim, S.H. Yang, J.H. Boo, J.G, Han, "Surface treatment of metals using an atmospheric pressure plasma jet and their surface characteristics," Surface and Coatings Technology 174-175, (2003) 839-844.

  20. Answers to Questions • Advantages of atmospheric plasma: • Larger sample capability • Lower cost • Lower temperatures • Increased Binding Energy with Plasma Application • Topographical changes • Creation of more covalent bond pairs

  21. Summary • Questions • Acronyms • Background and Development • Physical Properties • Different Types of Plasma Jets • A Plasma Jet Application • Answers

  22. Questions ???

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