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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

World History: The Earth and its Peoples. Chapter 19 Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750. Objectives. Understand how the Ottomans built and administered their territorial empire.

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World History: The Earth and its Peoples

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  1. World History:The Earth and its Peoples Chapter 19 Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean, 1500-1750

  2. Objectives • Understand how the Ottomans built and administered their territorial empire. • Understand the rise of the Safavids and the role of Shi’ite Islam in the development of Iranian identity under the Safavids. • Understand the construction of the Mughal Empire in India and the relations between Islam, Hinduism, and Sikhism. • Understand the internal and external factors that led to the decline of the Ottoman and Mughal Empires and to the fall of the Safavids • Understand the roles of the Portuguese, Oman, and the Dutch in the development of trade in the Indian Ocean and Southeast Asia.

  3. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 Ottoman - 1300-1922 • longest-lasting post-Mongol • NW Anatolia • Battle of Kosovo - 1389 • Ankara -1402 • Timur the Lame • Bayazid I • Mehmed I • reunification • Mehmed II • Constantinople - 1453 • Selim the Grim • Egypt - 1516 • Suleiman the Magnificent • Vienna - 1529 • “golden age” 3:55 3:25

  4. Suleiman The Lawgiver 5:47 1:55

  5. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 Trade Rivals • Venice • Mediterranean trade war • tributary status • Portugal • Indian Ocean Military ‘balance’ 1) Turkic cavalry 2) janissaries • musket infantry • devshirme • askeri • tax exemption 3) naval • Lepanto - 1571

  6. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 • raya • “flock of sheep” • justice and protection • taxes • Reconquista • Religion • Islam • Albania and Bosnia Crisis - 1590-1610 • displaced cavalrymen • inflation • mercenaries • emergency taxes • hereditary janissaries • commerce

  7. The Ottoman Empire, to 1750 Economy • palace isolation • grand vizier • tax farming • lack of order • European opportunity • W. Anatolia, Balkans, Med. Sea • cotton and tobacco • Mocha, Arabia • tariffs • ‘Tulip Period’ - 1718-1730 • sign of the times • Patrona Halil rebellion • Mamluks, Baghdad, al-Wahhab

  8. The Safavid Empire, 1502-1722 Safavid • Iran • Ismail - 1502 • Safaviya Sufi brotherhood • Shi’ism • schism • Turkic qizilbash • ‘redheads’ • Society • Persian language • mosaic tiles • Religion • ‘Hidden Imam’ • Ali’s 12th descendent • stronger ulama role • Imam Husayn martyrdom

  9. The Safavid Empire, 1502-1722 Women • seldom seen publicly • retain marriage property • dress similar to men • arms, legs, hair Homosexuality • disapproved but not unusual Art • miniatures • carpets Crisis • funds for qizilbash • silver inflation • lack of navy

  10. The Mughal Empire, 1526-1761 Mughal India • Hindu population • resentment • Babur - 1526-1530 • descendent of Timur • ‘Mongol’ • Akbar • mansabs • ranks for granted land revenues • prosperity • cotton cloth • Religion • tolerance (mansabdars) • Rajput princess • head tax; jurisdiction

  11. The Mughal Empire, 1526-1761 • Islamic Conversion • peasant rice farmers • animist beliefs • Sikhism • Nanak • meditation for enlightenment • Muslim and Hindu imagery • “the army of the pure” • uncut hair, turbans • swords, steel bracelet • Decline • rise of regional powers • Punjabs, Marathas, Afghans • land-grant system

  12. Indian Ocean Trade Empires Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal Fall • inability to adapt • military technology • world economy • European seafarers benefit • East India Co - 1600 • Dutch East India Co -1602 • Muslims • congenial to trade and traders • accept as full members • East Africa • migration to Kenyan lakes • drought conditions • Dutch • E. Africa port cities • Java

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