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IE 327 Introduction to Work Design Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #13

IE 327 Introduction to Work Design Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #13. Human Information Processing Model. Memory and Decision Making (pp. 297-306). Memory = storage of information Sensory storage – very large, quickly forget Working (short term) memory Capacity = 7 + 2 items (Miller’s Rule)

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IE 327 Introduction to Work Design Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #13

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  1. IE 327 Introduction to Work Design Dr. Andris Freivalds Class #13 IE 327

  2. Human Information Processing Model IE 327

  3. Memory and Decision Making(pp. 297-306) • Memory = storage of information • Sensory storage – very large, quickly forget • Working (short term) memory • Capacity = 7+2 items (Miller’s Rule) • Short term (seconds) – rehearsal • Chunking – grouping for better recall • Long term memory • Standardize information for better storage • Memory aids: associations, mnemonics, rhymes IE 327

  4. Decision Making-Response Selection • Structured, quantitative approach • Optimize performance: speed and accuracy IE 327

  5. Choice Reaction Time andHick-Hyman Law • Eye-hand coordination task • Choice reaction (B-type) task IE 327

  6. CRT and Hick-Hyman Law RT = a + bH = 150 + 150 log2n Channel capacity = 1/b = 1/150 bits/msec = 6.67 bits/ sec IE 327

  7. Response Execution and Movement Times – Fitts’ Tapping Task Fitts’ Law = Extension of Hick-Hyman Law MT = a + b ID ID = log22D W IE 327

  8. Fitts’ Law and Classification of Movements (Gilbreth) • Finger • Wrist (finger) • Forearm (etc.) • Full arm • Torso IE 327

  9. Factors in Response Times • Range effect: • Overshoot short distances • Undershoot long distances • Sensory modality: auditory RT < visual RT • Stimulus detectability: ↓ RT with ↑intensity • Expectancy: warning ↓ RT • Stimulus-response compatibility • Practice: ↓ RT • Redundancy: ↓ RT IE 327

  10. Speed-Accuracy Tradeoff IE 327

  11. Complex Decision Making (biases) • Limited number of cues • Undue weight to early cues • Prominent cues given more weight • All information weighted equally • Limited hypothesis generated • Few choices of responses • Potential losses weighted more than gains IE 327

  12. Attention Resources (Arousal) • Cognitive capacity devoted to task • Very limited!! – easily overloaded • Multitasking/time-sharing • Primary task • Secondary task (reserve capacity) • Physiological measures IE 327

  13. Sustained Attention (Vigilance) IE 327

  14. Improving Vigilance • Rest breaks • Task variety • Stimulants • Caffeine • Music, white noise • False signals ?! IE 327

  15. Arousal and Performance(Yerkes-Dodson Law) IE 327

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