The New Deal

1. Warm Up: Pretend you are a newspaper journalist and you are covering the election of 1932. Use the following words to write your article on the election. Make sure you explain the words in your sentence. - Franklin Delano Roosevelt - Public Works - Herbert Hoover - Campaign - Unemployment - Democrat - Landslide Victory - Great Depression The New Deal Objective: Students will explore the implementation of FDR’s New Deal on the American economy in the 1930s in order to assess it’s initial and lasting impact on America.

2. President Herbert Hoover – “Rugged Individualism” Believed government should play LITTLE AS ROLE AS POSSIBLE in private affairs Too much government control was “un-American” Hoover believed in an “associative state” – volunteer partnership between government and business (not BOUND forever)

3. Efforts of Hoover to fix American Economy Hoover Dam – Government/business venture  to build Hoover Dam to harness Colorado River Reconstruction Finance Corporation authorized $2 billion in direct government loans to struggling banks and insurance companies Federal Home Loan Bank  help people get homes/not foreclose

5. Hoover loses America’s support Americans wondered why he wouldn’t give direct aid to people (But he’d help the banks with the RFC) Bonus Army  15,000 WW1 veterans who came to Washington to get their War Bonus They camped out and protested for their money until they were violently kicked out ( veterans were injured and killed)

6. Veterans wanted War payment early because they were starving/poor Sign reads: “No Pay, All Stay”

7. Violence toward the Bonus Army made Hoover look HEARTLESS and HELPLESS

9. 1932 Election • Americans were homeless, jobless, hungry • Blamed President Hoover • Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) unseated Hoover (beat him in the Election) • FDR’s campaign  Promised relief for the poor and more public works campaigns (jobs) • FDR claimed “the only thing Hoover has done since the Great Depression started is DENY the Depression’s existence • FDR and Democrats had a LANDSLIDE victory

11. Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt • FDR appealed to America – optimistic • FDR used the radio to talk to the American people (new idea in 1933!) • FIRESIDE CHATS – spoke personally to the American people about new programs and hope • FDR wanted to use government to try to solve economic crisis (unlike Pres. Hoover) • Eleanor Roosevelt – 1st ACTIVE 1st Lady “Eyes and Ears” to the American People to FDR

12. FDR’s Fireside Chats

13. FDR stops the Bank Crisis • Americans had no confidence in the banks – did not want to put their money in banks • FDR issued an executive order and CLOSED ALL BANKS  “Bank Holiday” • “Emergency Bank Act  gave govt. ability to investigate each bank to find ways to fix • In only a few days  bank confidence was back (people started to put their money back in) • FDIC  Federal Bank Insurance (money in bank is insured)

14. FDR’s Hundred Days/New Deal • Hundred Days – period of critical government activity to end the G. Depression • Relief, Recovery, Reform • Relief: for those suffering the effects of the Depression • Recovery: of the depressed economy (jobs and money) • Reform: that would prevent serious economic crisis in the future • “Alphabet Soup” of programs • CCC Civilian Conservation Corps (jobs for young men) • AAA  Agricultural Adjustment Act

16. “A spoonful of FDR’s Alphabet Soup” • CCC: Civilian Conservation Corps  People were paid to work on conservation projects • AAA: Agricultural Adjustment Act  gave farmers a subsidy, a payment to grow fewer crops • NIRA: National Industrial Recover Act  called for businesses to act together to set wages and production levels • SEC: Securities and Exchange Commissions  Organization founded to oversee the stock market

19. Trouble For the New Deal • NEW DEAL MARKED SIGNIFICANT SHIFT IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GOVERNMENT AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLE •  NOW a Central role in their lives (Parenting Role) • Some Americans were against the New Deal • Many did not feel the New Deal went far enough for certain people (Old Age people especially) • Some people felt it was UNAMERICAN and ANTI-BUSINESS • The Supreme Court decided that many New Deal programs were unconstitutional because the changed the BALANCE OF POWER between the president, Congress, and courts. • The courts did stop/slow down many New Deal Programs • 1936: US v. Butler  Found AAA unconstitutional (tax $ used to raise money for farm subsidies was unconstitutional)

20. Second Hundred Days • In early 1935 the country had not “gotten back on its feet” completely (2 years of New Deal already) • FDR pushed through a bunch of new initiatives  called “The Second New Deal” • Control of banking industry • Higher taxes for wealthy Americans • Relief programs putting people to work (WPA – employed millions of people building roads, subways, and airports. Also work for artists and writers) • Social Security Act – guaranteed an income for those over 65 and UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE

21. 1937 – A troubled year for FDR and America • Stock Market DROPPED and UNEMPLOYMENT rose • SHOWED MANY AMERICANS THAT NEW DEAL HADN’T FIXED THE AMERICAN ECONOMY • America had a huge DEFICIT (when government spends more money than it takes in) • This worried many Americans (govt. did not work in a deficit before the New Deal – Balanced budget was considered smart) • Supreme Court had worked to break FDR’s New Deal Programs • Argued that too much power had been given to Executive Branch (and taken from Congressional Branch) • FDR tried to “pack the courts” with Justices who liked his programs (and would vote his way) • See next slide for detailed explanation

22. FDR’s Court Packing Plan • Court in 1935 (4 to 3 against ND) • FDR’s ideal Court (6 to 4 FOR ND) Three new judges added that favored FDR’s programs

23. New Roles for Women and African Americans – Roles for some, opportunities for ONLY a few • Frances Perkins and Eleanor Roosevelt • White males enjoyed most opportunities during the New Deal • Black Cabinet – Many African American hired to fill posts in FDR’s cabinet, Black Cabinet acted as advisor to FDR on African American issues • African Americans faced tremendous hardships in 1930s • Most New Deal programs left them out • Thousands of sharecroppers and tenant farmers suffered and did not qualify for the New Deal programs like unemployment or Social Security.

25. What were some New Deal Programs?(Use chart on page 712 to fill in two programs for each category.)

26. FDR and the New Deal

27. Group Work:Investigating the New Deal Objective: Create a collection of posters illustrating important New Deal aspects. - Students will choose a group of between 2 and 4 people. - Each student will have at least ONE role (total of 4 roles) - Students will work together to create a group poster on their assigned topic. ROLES: EXPLAINER: Summarize the MAIN POINTS of the topic in between 6 and 10 sentences OR bullet points ILLUSTRATOR: Create AT LEAST two illustrations that explain the topic. 1st PERSON DESCRIBER: Create a written piece pretending you are living in the 1930s that explains important aspects from your section. MUST USE ANY VOCAB FROM THE SECTION (similar to the Warm Up from today where you wrote an article) QUESTIONER: Come up with three questions about the section which are not answered in the book. Then use the computer to find the answers to these questions.

28. Warm Up: Use Chapter 22.4 to fill in 3 to 4 impacts of the New Deal Impact of the New Deal on America

29. Warm UP: Use the information in Chapter 22.4 to answer the questions to understand the impact of New Deal programs on America