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Chapter Three Victims and Victimization

Chapter Three Victims and Victimization. Criminology 9 th and 10th edition Larry J. Siegel. Victimology. The study of crime victims and their relationship to the criminal justice process. Question. CAN SOCIETY BE A VICTIM OF CRIME? IF SO, HOW?. The Problems of Crime Victimization.

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Chapter Three Victims and Victimization

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  1. Chapter ThreeVictims and Victimization Criminology 9th and 10th edition Larry J. Siegel © 2003 Wadsworth Publishing Co.

  2. Victimology The study of crime victims and their relationship to the criminal justice process.

  3. Question CAN SOCIETY BE A VICTIM OF CRIME? IF SO, HOW?

  4. The Problems of Crime Victimization Pain and Suffering Fear System Abuse Antisocial Behavior Economic Loss

  5. Questions IN ADDITION TO PROPERTY LOSS, HOW DOES CRIME AFFECT PRODUCTIVITY AND SOCIAL COSTS? WHAT IS THE CYCLE OF VIOLENCE?

  6. Declining Crime Rates, 1973-2003

  7. Property Crime Victimization Rates,1973-2003

  8. Violent Crime Victimization Rates, 1973-2003

  9. Prior Victimization Social Ecology of Victimization ? The Victim’s Household Victim Characteristics: Gender, Age, Race, Marital and Social Status The Nature of Victimization

  10. Violent Crime Rates by Age of Victim

  11. Violent Crime Rates by Race of Victim

  12. Questions Does a person bear some of the responsibility for his or her victimization, e.g., lifestyle? Should we blame the victim?

  13. Lowest Income Are More Likely to be Victimized than the More Affluent

  14. Question What factors predict chronic victimization?

  15. Three Specific Types of Characteristics Increase the Potential for Victimization Target Vulnerability Target Gratifiability Target Antagonism

  16. Theories of Victimization

  17. Questions According to the victim precipitation perspective, what is the difference between active and passive precipitation? Do you think that schools create a “high risk” lifestyle for teenagers? Are neighborhoodsorindividual characteristics more important for determining victimization?

  18. Motivated offenders Lacks capable guardians CRIME Suitable targets Routine Activity TheoryFelson & Cohen The interaction of three factors!

  19. The Opportunity Structure of Crime

  20. The Government’s Response to Crime Victims 6th Amendment, U.S. Constitution In all criminal prosecutions the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense. Should the following be added to the Sixth Amendment? “In every criminal prosecution, the victim shall have the right to be present and to be heard at all critical stages of the judicial proceedings.”

  21. Victim Compensation Victim Advocates Victim-Offender Reconciliation Programs Public Education Victim Counseling Crisis Intervention Victim Service Programs Forms of Victim Services

  22. Questions What is “target hardening?” Do you think that self-protection in the form of citizen firearm possession (defensive use) is a reasonable victim prevention tactic? What do studies show? Do you think restorative justice is a legitimate answer to victims and society?

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