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APA Style Review

APA Style Review. Adv Research Design & Analysis Lab. What to do?. What do you do when you have two articles with the SAME AUTHORS and published in the SAME YEAR ?

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APA Style Review

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  1. APA Style Review Adv Research Design & Analysis Lab

  2. What to do? • What do you do when you have two articles with the SAMEAUTHORS and published in the SAME YEAR? • Give a full APA citation for the two Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998) articles—write the citations in the correct reference section order • How to you cite these articles in-text? Provide an example of in-text citations at the end of these sentences (use a different article for each sentence—the sentences are in order) • With longer stimulus durations, socially anxious individuals can voluntarily suppress and avoid their initial negative interpretations. • The authors presented either a social or a nonsocial scenario, each followed by three interpretations: positive, negative, and neutral.

  3. ANSWER Amir, N., Foa, E.B., & Coles, M.E. (1998a). Automatic activation and strategic avoidance of threat- relevant information in social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107(2), 285-290. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.107.2.285 Amir, N. Foa, E.B., & Coles, M.E. (1998b). Negative interpretation bias in social phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 36, 945-957. doi:10.1016/S0005-7967(98)00060-6

  4. Answer • With longer stimulus durations, socially anxious individuals can voluntarily suppress and avoid their initial negative interpretations (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998a). • The authors presented either a social or a nonsocial scenario, each followed by three interpretations: positive, negative, and neutral (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998b).

  5. What to do? • What is another way to write an in-text citation? Cite the second sentence again, but not with an end-of-sentence parenthetical citation. • The authors presented either a social or a nonsocial scenario, each followed by three interpretations: positive, negative, and neutral • Hint: may have to change some of the words in the sentence

  6. Answer • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998b) presented either a social or a nonsocial scenario, each followed by three interpretations: positive, negative, and neutral. • What KEY WORD is different between the parenthetical citation at the end of the sentence and the in-text citation?

  7. answer • & = end of sentence, in the parentheses • …interpretations (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998b). • and = when the citation is IN THE SENTENCE • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998b) presented… • How do you remember this? • Don’t use symbols in your text! • Use words only!

  8. What to do? • What if you paraphrase more than one article in a single sentence? • Cite this sentence (hint: it paraphrases info from both articles) • Socially anxious individuals can voluntarily suppress and avoid their initial negative interpretations, even when presented with both positive and negative social scenarios.

  9. Answer • Socially anxious individuals can voluntarily suppress and avoid their initial negative interpretations, even when presented with both positive and negative social scenarios (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998a; Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998b). • Semicolon between study authors!

  10. Reference section tips • Remember, the reference section is • evenly double-spaced throughout • has hanging indents • Is in alphabetical order • Every in-text citation or reference to another article/study MUST have a corresponding, complete reference in the reference section • If you’re referring to another study that the original authors referenced, check up on that article and give a full citation (you may have to look it up yourself to find the doi)

  11. In-text citation tips • If you feel like you’re saying “Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a)” too much, try mixing up your writing with “Amir and colleagues (1998a)” • If there are 6+ authors, even the first in-text citations should be “Amir et al. (2013)” or “Amir and colleagues (2013)” • You do not need to write authors’ first names in your writing • Any other questions?

  12. What to do? • What if I want to use a quotation from one of these articles? • Form a sentence from this snippet from the Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) study: • “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information.”

  13. answer • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information” (p. 285). OR • The authors “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information” (Amir, Foa, & Coles, 1998a, p. 285).

  14. Quotations and periods • Notice where the period is located: • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information” (p. 285). • If you have a parenthetical citation at the end of the quotation (which you always should!), then the period goes AT THE END OF THE SENTENCE.

  15. QUOTATIONS AND PERIODS • Correct • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information” (p. 285). • Incorrect • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information.” (p. 285)

  16. What if there’s a comma?! • Correct • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information” (p. 285), and so they conducted… • Incorrect • Amir, Foa, and Coles (1998a) “examined whether these individuals would show biases in automatic processing and strategic processing of threat-relevant information,” (p. 285) and so they conducted…

  17. Speaking of commas…

  18. Commas! • Know the rules of grammar, commas, and other punctuation • Do not use contractions (you’re, don’t, can’t, shouldn’t—they have no place in professional writing! ) • Notice run-on sentences • Notice when to use a comma with the word ‘and’ (hint: separate with a comma when there are two independent clauses) • Correct: “I went to the store with my friend, and we had a great time.” • Incorrect/run-on: “I went to the store with my friend and we had a great time.”

  19. Commas and semicolons! • Use a comma when you want to connect two independent clauses with coordinating conjunctions (and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet) • Use a semicolon when you want to connect two independent clauses without one of those conjunctions • “I went to the store with my friend; we had a great time.” • Use a semicolon when you want to connect two independent clauses with conjunctive adverbs (however, moreover, therefore, consequently, etc.) • “I went to the store with my friend; moreover, we had a great time.”

  20. Apa style • All of this has to do with APA Style! • Look to APA manuals and apastyle.org for guidance on grammar, punctuation, and good writing

  21. http://www.apastyle.org/learn/index.aspx

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