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Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds

Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds. Section 2.2: The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties. The Periodic Table. The periodic table is a chart that organizes the elements according to their physical and chemical properties . Elements of the Periodic Table.

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Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds

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  1. Unit 1: Atoms, Elements, & Compounds Section 2.2: The Periodic Table and Chemical Properties

  2. The Periodic Table • The periodic table is a chart that organizes the elements according to their physical and chemical properties.

  3. Elements of the Periodic Table • Although there are many versions of the periodic table, most contain the following properties: Atomic number 22 Ti Titanium 47.9 Symbol Name Atomic mass

  4. Periodic Table Properties – Atomic Number • Atomic Number • The number of protons in the nucleus. • The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus. • The number of protons equals the number of electrons giving the atom a neutral charge. • Atomic numbers increase one by one through the periodic table. • Q: The atomic number of calcium (Ca) is 20. What can you now say about a calcium atom?

  5. Periodic Table Properties:Atomic Mass & Mass Number • Atomic Mass • The average mass of the atoms of an element. • Written as a decimal number and is measured in amu. • Mass Number • The number of protons and neutrons in an atom of an element. • It can be approximated by rounding off the atomic mass. • # of Neutrons = Mass Number – Atomic Number • Q: How many protons, electrons, and neutrons does an atom of Titanium contain?

  6. Practice Question – Complete the following chart by referring to the periodic table:

  7. Organization of the Periodic TableGroups of Elements (p.51) • All elements in the periodic table can be classified as either metals, n0n-metals, or metalloids.

  8. Organization of the Periodic Table Groups of Elements (p.51) • What are 3 physical properties of metals, non-metals, and metalloids?

  9. Organization of the Periodic Table Periods (p.52) • The periodic table is divided into horizontal rows called periods. • Periods: • Horizontal rows • Numbered 1 to 7 • Q: What period is Nickel located? _____ • Q: How many elements are in period 1? _____

  10. Organization of the Periodic Table Chemical Family • The periodic table is also divided into vertical columns called chemical families. • Chemical Family • Elements have similar physical and chemical properties. • Numbered 1 to 18. • There are 4 well-known chemical families: • Alkali metals • alkaline earth metals • halogens • noble gases

  11. Organization of the Periodic Table Chemical Family – Alkali Metals • Alkali Metals (Column 1) • Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr • Highly reactive • The reactivity increases as you go down the group. • Are soft and can be cut with a knife.

  12. Organization of the Periodic Table Chemical Family – Alkaline Earth Metals • Alkaline Earth Metals (Column 2) • Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra • Fairly Reactive – will burn in air if heated • Are often used in fireworks since they produce bright flames Strontium (Sr) - red fireworks Magnesium (Mg) reacting to flame

  13. Organization of the Periodic Table Chemical Family – Halogens • Halogens (Column 17) • F, Cl, Br, I, At • Non-metals • Highly reactive • Fluorine is the most reactive while Iodine is the least. • Astatine is very rare (not much is known)

  14. Organization of the Periodic Table Chemical Family – Noble Gases • Noble Gases (Column 18) • He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn • The most stable and unreactive elements • At room temperature, they are colourless, odourless gases. Neon and Argon – used in light fixtures Neon – glows in different colours

  15. Organization of the Periodic Table Transition Metals • Transition Metals • Metals • Found in the center of the periodic table. • These are NOT a chemical family since they are spread over many columns. • They are grouped together because of the arrangement of their electrons (more on this later in the chapter…) • Share many common physical properties (eg., malleable, ductile, conductive, etc.) • Q: Do you know which 3 transition metals are magnetic?

  16. Section 2.2 • To review and test your knowledge of the periodic table, we will: • Play Periodic Bingo! • Complete some questions!! • Note: You will be having a teston all the material in Unit 1 up to this point. That is, Ch 1 (Sections 1.1 to 1.3) and Ch2 (Sections 2.1 and 2.2)

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