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Classification

Classification. Species of Organisms. There are 13 billion known species of organisms This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! New organisms are still being found and identified Our system of classification is always changing !. What is Classification?.

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Classification

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  1. Classification

  2. Species of Organisms • There are 13 billion known species of organisms • This is only 5% of all organisms that ever lived!!!!! • New organisms are still being found and identified • Our system of classification is always changing!

  3. What is Classification? • Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities • Classification is also known as taxonomy • Taxonomistsare scientists that identify & name organisms

  4. Benefits of classifying • Accurately & uniformly names organisms • Prevents misnomers such as starfish & jellyfish that aren't really fish • Uses same language (Latin or some Greek) for all names

  5. Aristotle Aristotle – 400 BC • 1. Plants - Herbs/shrubs/trees • 2. Animals - Land/fish/birds

  6. Carolus Linnaeus • Called the “Father of Taxonomy” • Developed the modern system of naming known as binomial nomenclature • Two-word name (Genus & species)

  7. Classification groups • Taxon( taxa-plural) is a category into which related organisms are placed • There is a hierarchy of groups (taxa) from broadest to most specific • Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, species

  8. Domains • Broadest, most inclusive taxon • Three domains: • Archaea and Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotes (no nucleus or membrane-bound organelles) • Eukarya are more complex and have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

  9. Archaea • Kingdom – ARCHAEBACTERIA • Also called “extremophiles” • Probably the 1st cells to evolve • Live in HARSH environments • Found in: • Sewage Treatment Plants (Methanogens) • Thermal or Volcanic Vents (Thermophiles) • Hot Springs or Geysers that are acid • Very salty water (Dead Sea; Great Salt Lake) - Halophiles

  10. bacteria • Kingdom - EUBACTERIA • Some may cause DISEASE • Found in ALL HABITATS except harsh ones • Important decomposers for environment • Commercially important in making cottage cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, etc.

  11. Eukarya • Divided into 4 kingdoms: • Protista (protozoans, algae…) • Fungi (mushrooms, yeasts …) • Plantae(multicellular plants) • Animalia (multicellular animals)

  12. Binomial nomenclature

  13. Binomial nomenclature

  14. Binomial nomenclature • Binomial nomenclature used • Genus species • Latin or Greek • Italicized in print • Capitalize genus, but NOT species • Underline when writing

  15. Binomial nomenclature

  16. Basis of modern taxonomy • Homologous structures (same structure, different function) • Similar embryo development • Molecular Similarity in DNA, RNA, or amino acidsequence of Proteins

  17. cladogram • Diagram showing how organisms are related based on shared, derived characteristics such as feathers, hair, or scales

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