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POWER UP

POWER UP. Indolent - averse to activity, effort, or movement; habitually lazy What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms? Which kingdoms are eukaryotic? (Choice: Archaebacteria , eubacteria , protist , fungi, plant, animal). UNIT 5 - CELLS.

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POWER UP

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  1. POWER UP Indolent - averse to activity, effort, or movement; habitually lazy • What is the difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic kingdoms? • Which kingdoms are eukaryotic? (Choice: Archaebacteria, eubacteria, protist, fungi, plant, animal)

  2. UNIT 5 - CELLS September 11 – September 25

  3. Students are not to talk while teacher is talking/presenting a lesson. Raise your hand if you wish to speak. Refreshing expectations

  4. Students are to stay in their assigned seat throughout class unless given permission to get up. Refreshing expectations

  5. Students are to respect each other, the teacher, property, and time. Refreshing expectations

  6. Unit 4 Test Averages • Period 1 – 80% • Period 3 – 82%  CELL-ABRATION!!! • Period 5 – 76%

  7. Bell Ringer • Answer the following in complete sentences. • Identify the following as living or non-living. • Bacteria • Humans • Tree • Ant • Battery • Yeast

  8. Opinionnaire • Write a hypothesis about whether or not something is living or non-living. (Use an “If _________, then _______.” statement.) • Complete the before discussion check point. • Read each statement carefully and determine if it is a characteristic of something living or non-living.

  9. Classwork • Identify your item as living or non-living. • Give four reasons why you consider your item living or non-living. • Write a conclusion sentence. • Be ready to share with the class.

  10. Mr. Gore • All cells have the following characteristics in common (Mr. Gore): • Movement • Reproduction • Growth • Organization • Respond to environment • Energy usage

  11. Exit Questions – COMPLETE SENTENCES • Identify the following as living or non-living and provide evidence for your answer. • Bacteria • Human • Soil • Sugarcane • Battery • A student is dissecting a fetal pig. What safety measures should be used? • A student drops a glass beaker on the floor. How should this be handled? • What lab rule do you consider to be the most important? Explain why.

  12. CELL Smallest unit of life Structural and functional unit of all organisms

  13. Common Features ofALL Cells Cytoplasm Cell membrane Genetic material (DNA)

  14. Cell

  15. CYTOPLASM Jelly-like substance in which chemical reactions occur Fills the cell

  16. CELL MEMBRANE Partially permeable phospholipidbilayer membrane that surrounds all cells Regulates what enters and exits the cell

  17. Cell membrane

  18. Genetic Material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Sequence of four paired ‘letters’ called nucleotides Found in center of cytoplasm (prokaryotes) or in nucleus (eukaryotes)

  19. PROKARYOTIC CELL Cell without a true nucleus with no membrane bound organelles

  20. Prokaryotic Cells • No nucleus • Bacteria • Small and simple in structure • First to evolve

  21. EUKARYOTIC CELL Cell with a nucleus and several other membrane-bound organelles

  22. Eukaryotic Cells • Have nucleus • Plants, animals, fungi • Larger and more complex because have specialized organelles • Evolved from prokaryotic cells

  23. NUCLEUS Location of genetic information (DNA) in eukaryotes

  24. ORGANELLE Small structures within a cell that help it to carry out functions of life

  25. Lagniappe Eukaryotes likely evolved from prokaryotes Eukaryotes are more complex but less diverse  

  26. Prokaryote v. Eukaryote Why would the presence of membrane bound organelles allow eukaryotic cells to be more complex? In a microscope, what would be the easiest way to distinguish prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

  27. POWER UP Indolent - averse to activity, effort, or movement; habitually lazy • What are the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? • Which kingdoms are prokaryotic?

  28. Plant vs. Animal Cells • Both have a nucleus so they are ___________. • Plant cells have some extra organelles though.

  29. PLANT CELLS • Plant cells have the following organelles that animal cells do not: • Chloroplast • Central vacuole • Cell wall  makes the cell more square shaped

  30. CHLOROPLAST Bean-shaped organelle with stacks of thykaloids that performs photosynthesis to use energy from sunlight to make energy-rich sugars

  31. Chloroplast Has a phospholipidbilayer membrane and its own genetic material, like a prokaryotic cell Suggests chloroplasts were once independent bacteria that were engulfed by other cells Endosymbiotic theory

  32. CENTRAL VACUOLE Large storage vesicle in the center of plant cells

  33. CELL WALL Rigid cellulose structure around outside of plant cell membrane that provides extra support Note: Does NOT replace the cell membrane

  34. How to use the microscopes 1. Carry the microscope by the arm with one hand the other hand under the base. 2. Place the microscope on the table with the arm toward you. 3. Turn the coarse adjustment knob to raise the body tube. 4. Revolve the nosepiece until the low-power objective lens clicks into place.

  35. How to use the microscopes 5. Adjust the diaphragm. While looking through the eyepiece, also adjust the mirror until you see a bright white circle of light. 6. Place a slide on the stage. Center the specimen over the opening on the stage. Use the stage clips to hold the slide in place. 7. Look at the stage from the side. Carefully turn the coarse adjustment knob to lower the body tube until the low power objective lens almost touches the slide.

  36. How to use the microscopes 8. Looking through the eyepiece, very slowly adjust the coarse adjustment knob upward until the specimen comes into focus. Make minor adjustments with the fine adjustment knob. 9. To switch to the high power objective lens, look at the microscope from the side and carefully revolve the nosepiece until the high-power objective lens clicks into place. Make sure the lens does not hit the slide.

  37. How to make a wet mount slide • Place a thin piece of specimen on the center of the slide • Put a drop of water on top of the specimen • Put on the cover slip by setting one side on the slide and then laying the other side down • Be careful not to get air bubbles • Draw the water to the other side as necessary by placing a piece of paper towel on that side • Clean the slide and cover slip when finished

  38. POWER UP Erudite – possessing or displaying extensive knowledge acquired chiefly from books • What are the three things that ALL cells have? • What are the three organelles that PLANT cells have that animal cells do not?

  39. Students are not to talk while teacher is talking/presenting a lesson. Raise your hand if you wish to speak. Refreshing expectations

  40. Students are to stay in their assigned seat throughout class unless given permission to get up. Refreshing expectations

  41. Students are to respect each other, the teacher, property, and time. Refreshing expectations

  42. How are we doing?

  43. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (ER) Organelle consisting of folded membranes in which proteins are constructed and folded

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