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Fungi 100,000 species

Fungi 100,000 species. Characteristics. Eukaryote: with chitonous cell wall, no chloroplasts Reproduction Asexual – budding – in yeast cells Sexual – spores made inside of “fruiting bodies that are produced on reproductive hyphae – most fungi Metabolism: respiration and fermentation

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Fungi 100,000 species

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  1. Fungi100,000 species

  2. Characteristics • Eukaryote: with chitonous cell wall, no chloroplasts • Reproduction • Asexual – budding – in yeast cells • Sexual – spores made inside of “fruiting bodies that are produced on reproductive hyphae – most fungi • Metabolism: respiration and fermentation • Absorption of nutrients through mycelia • Saprophytes (most fungi) • Parasite (athlete’s foot, ringworm and Dutch elm)

  3. Environment: grow best in moist, warm places

  4. Phyla • Basidiomycetes: club fungi - mushrooms, bracken fungi, puffballs, (produce 4 spores in sporangium) • Ascomycetes: morel mushroom, cup mushroom (produce 8 spores in sporangium) • Oomycetes: water-borne fungi • Deuteromycetes: athletes foot

  5. Basidiomycetes Also includes smut!

  6. Smut!!!!!!!!!!!Not pornographic materialNot what you think!

  7. Corn smut

  8. Giant puffballs • Look carefully!

  9. Inside of a puffball

  10. Bracken fungus growing on dead tree

  11. Bracken fungi on tree

  12. Rust

  13. “Killer” Mushrooms

  14. Fairy rings Oops…. Wrong type!

  15. Fairy Ring A circular collection of fruiting bodies (mushrooms) that are actually all connected underground by one mycelium mass The larger the diameter, the older the mycelium

  16. Ascomycetes • Cup/sac fungi

  17. Orange Jelly fungus

  18. Morel mushroom

  19. Stachybotrys mould that is responsible for sick building syndrome (leaky condo)

  20. Oomycetes • Most feed on dead aquatic materials • Some species are saprophytes of dead plants and animals • One species is thought to be the cause of the current worldwide die-off of frogs • primitive, single-celled, colonial, or mycelial fungi that appear to reproduce asexually most of the time, only reproducing sexually in times of dire need.

  21. Zygomycetes • Live on soil or dead and decaying plant or animal matter • Simplest reproductive cycle • Asexual reproduction: produce spores in sporangia • Sexual reproduction: produce zygospores

  22. Zygospore

  23. Pilobolus kleinii Hat Thrower

  24. Yeast (in bread)

  25. Black bread mold sporangia

  26. Penicillin – (a direct descendant of the fungus used by Dr. Fleming to make the first antibiotic)

  27. Deuteromycetes • "fungi imperfecti" generally do not exhibit a sexual reproductive function

  28. Athlete’s foot and ringworm

  29. Slime molds – no longer considered fungi, but protists

  30. Other: NOT a phylum but a symbiotic relationship: Lichen

  31. Foliose lichen

  32. Cladoniacoccinerafruiting bodies

  33. Ecological significance • Symbiotic relationships • Lichen – a combination of plant and fungi in a mutualistic relationship (An index species in ecological succession) • Fungi – obtain sugars and substrate (surface) to grow on • Algae – obtains mineral nutrients as the fungus enzymes break down the rock surface

  34. Ecological significance of Fungi • Important decomposer • Some pathogenic • Some fight disease (produce antibiotics • Some edible • Some poisonous – enzymes can liquify your liver if you do not get the appropriate anti-toxin immediately (assuming there is an anti-toxin)

  35. Mycorrhizae (whitish stuff next to the brown roots)

  36. Structures

  37. The Filamentous Bodyof a Fungus (c) Hyphal Cells (cutaway) (a) Mycelium HaploidNuclei Cytoplasm Septum (b) Individual Hyphae Pore Cell Walls

  38. Mycelia

  39. Sexual reproduction Rhizopus example:

  40. Spores(haploid) Sporangia Diploid 2n Haploid1n Zygosporegerminates

  41. Steps to sexual reproduction • Hyphae of two fungi grow together (negative and positive strain- no male or female) • Genetic material is exchange • New spore producing structure (zygospore) grows from the joined hyphae • New genetically unique fungus grows out from the zygospore

  42. Mycelia and spores

  43. More spores

  44. The EndDon’t worry, the fungi won’t kill you… to be continued…

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