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Movement

Movement. State the function of tendons, and explain why they are inelastic. State the functions of ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid and membrane at a joint. Describe how movement is brought about by muscle contraction. Explain the needs for opposing pairs of muscles.

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Movement

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  1. Movement

  2. State the function of tendons, and explain why they are inelastic State the functions of ligaments, cartilage, synovial fluid and membrane at a joint Describe how movement is brought about by muscle contraction Explain the needs for opposing pairs of muscles Describe the range of movements at a hinge and ball/socket joint State 3 functions of the skeleton Describe the composition of bone and how it is formed

  3. The skeleton has 3 functions: • Movement • Support • Protection • The link below will take you to an interactive skeleton to learn about the bones which make up the skeleton. • http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/biology/the_body_in_action/movement_rev2.shtml

  4. Bone structure Bones are made of hard minerals, called calcium phosphate, and living fibres, for flexibility. Bones need a blood supply to provide essential nutrients to the living fibres.

  5. If bones are treated in acid, the minerals providing hardness dissolve away. The bone left is bendy. If bones are heated to high temperatures, the living fibres are damaged, and the bone left is brittle.

  6. Joints The link below will show you a labelled diagram of a ball and socket joint. The following slide will then state the functions of the different parts of a ball and socket joint. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/biology/the_body_in_action/movement_rev3.shtml The following link will take you to a labelled diagram of a hinge joint. You only need to know the ligaments, cartilage, synovial membrane, and synovial fluid. http://www.scran.ac.uk/database/record.php?usi=000-000-622-315&searchdb=scran

  7. Cartilage Ligament Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Acts as shock absorber – protects end of bone Holds bones together Produces synovial fluid Lubricates joint to reduce friction

  8. Arthritis Arthritis is a condition affecting joints. There are different forms. 1. Osteoarthritis Osteoarthritis is when the cartilage starts to wear away. This means bones in the joint are rubbing against each other. 2. Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis – inflammation of synovial membrane, and hardening of the joint. Movement becomes difficult.

  9. Muscles The following link will show you a labelled diagram of the muscles of the arm. http://www.bbc.co.uk/scotland/learning/bitesize/standard/biology/the_body_in_action/movement_rev4.shtml

  10. Muscles either contract or relax. In a contracted form, muscles are shorter and fatter, when relaxed, they are long and thin. The biceps muscles contracts to bend the arm (triceps is relaxed). The triceps muscle contracts to straighten the arm (biceps is relaxed). Two muscles are associated with every joint. The muscles work in opposite ways. They are antagonistic. Muscles are attached to bones by tendons. Tendons are inelastic to allow accurate movements.

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