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Chapter 18 Study Guide

Chapter 18 Study Guide. Square Deal. A program for reform in which President Roosevelt sought fair and honest treatment for businesses, workers, and consumers. New Freedom.

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Chapter 18 Study Guide

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  1. Chapter 18 Study Guide

  2. Square Deal • A program for reform in which President Roosevelt sought fair and honest treatment for businesses, workers, and consumers.

  3. New Freedom • As President Woodrow Wilson sought to eliminate all trusts because he believed they were denying economic freedom to small businesses and ordinary citizens.

  4. Pure Food and Drug act • A law passed under President Roosevelt which established a new agency to test and approve drugs before they went on the market.

  5. Federal Reserve System • Passed under president Wilson it established a central bank which lends money to member banks when they are short. It divides the country into 12 districts which follow set rules.

  6. Sixteenth Amendment • Established a graduated income tax requiring people who make more money to pay more money.

  7. Seventeenth Amendment • Allowed for the direct election of Senators.

  8. Eighteenth Amendment • Prohibited the making, sale or transportation of intoxicating liquors.

  9. Nineteenth Amendment • Gave women the right to vote.

  10. 1. Roosevelt ordered the Justice Department to file a lawsuit against Northern Securities Company, a railroad holding company, and the suit was successful. He also signed the Hepburn Act, authorizing federal regulation of railroad transport.

  11. 2. Presidents of the Progressive Era actively pushed • for reforms. By ending the laissez-faire approach of • government toward big business, they challenged the • economic and political power of the industrial giants. • They also worked to end corruption

  12. 3. Roosevelt used a revitalized Sherman Antitrust Act • to regulate monopolies. He tried to break up only • those trusts that were created specifically to squash • competition. Taft prosecuted any trust that limited • trade, regardless of the intent of its creators. Wilson • went even further, laying out rules that made it harder • for trusts to be created

  13. 4. Roosevelt, who ended a coal strike through • arbitration, believed that government should be • impartial in labor disputes. Taft’s Department of • Labor established the Children’s Bureau to improve • the welfare of children. Wilson pushed for a ban on • child labor. Through the Clayton Antitrust Act, Wilson • protected labor unions from antitrust legislation. Taft • and Wilson both supported the eight-hour workday.

  14. 5. Muir, through the environmental organization the • Sierra Club, worked to preserve wilderness lands from • all development. Pinchot, as head of the U.S. Forest • Service, allowed limited economic development of • the natural environment, favoring conservation over • preservation. Progressives supported both approaches.

  15. 6. All three presidents pushed key reforms through • Congress, although Taft’s acceptance of higher tariffs • tarnished his record as a progressive.

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