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Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs

Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs. Frits A. Rangel, Thomas J. J. Maal , Stefaan J. Bergé , Olivier J. C. van Vlijmen , Joanneke M. Plooij , Filip Schutyser , and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtmand.

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Integration of digital dental casts in 3-dimensional facial photographs

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  1. Integration of digital dental casts in3-dimensional facial photographs Frits A. Rangel, Thomas J. J. Maal, Stefaan J. Bergé, Olivier J. C. van Vlijmen, Joanneke M. Plooij, FilipSchutyser, and Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtmand From the 3D Facial Imaging Research Group, Nijmegen and Bruges, and Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics volume134page 820-826, 2008 2013/ 12/10 NAT LILAKITRUNGRUEANG

  2. Introduction Three-dimensional (3D) representation of the dentition in face • 1915, Van Loon • Placed plaster models of the dentition and the face into the anatomically correct positions for the patient. • Difficult and time-consuming process. • 1980s, 3D images of the maxillofacial region started to develop • Laser scanning • computed-tomography scanning (and stereolithography) • Moiré topography • stereophotogrammetry

  3. Introduction • At the moment , Stereophotogrammetry; most popular • 3dMDface (3dMD LLC, Atlanta, Ga) • di3D (Dimensional Imaging, Glasgow, Scotland, United King 3D photographs in daily practice became possible Limitation ; captures only 1 part of the triad bone, soft tissues, and dentition

  4. Introduction • Recently, The search for a substitute for the original cephalogram • Assessment of the relationship between bone and soft tissue • Zhang et al • compared measurements on 2-dimensional facial photographs with cephalometric measurements. • Nagasaki et al • developed a nonradiographiccephalometricsystem-directly measure on patient’s face • no radiation exposure

  5. Nonradiographiccephalometric system Digitizing process all landmarks digitized directly on the patient’s face software program 3D coordinate system No clinically significant differences between measurements on this 3D model and lateral headfilms

  6. 3D digital data sets regained interest digital dental models(20th century) Curry et al 3D facial photographs, digital dental casts, and anteroposterior and lateral headfilms. Add dentition to the 3D photograph (anatomically correct position)? lateral headfilms

  7. The purpose of study to present a possibility study of the integration of a digital dental cast into a 3D facial picture to visualize the anatomic position of the dentition in the face in 3 dimensions.

  8. Material and methods Required data for the integration • a digital dental cast • a digital 3D facial photograph of the patient with the teeth visible • a digital 3D facial photograph of the patient with the teeth in occlusion, with the soft tissues as relaxed as possible.

  9. Material and methods Required data for the integration • a digital dental cast • impressions • wax bite to register relationship between arches

  10. Material and methods Required data for the integration • a digital dental cast Orthoproof (Nieuwegein, The Netherlands) The tube voltage at 160 kV, The voxel resolution was 0.002 in. Scanner makes 780 slices in a rotation of 360° about 28 s. flash computed tomography scanner Digital dental casts with the wax bite Remove wax bite

  11. sent to the orthodontist

  12. 3D stereophotogrammetrical camera setup software program modular system (version 1.0, 3dMDface System) Required data for the integration • 3D pictures Computer (Pentium 4 CPU, 3.2 GHz processor speed, 512 Mb RAM, NVIDIA GeForcefx 5500 128 Mb graphics card) 2 pods, each containing 1full color and 2 black-and-white cameras. Captured by light photography, without radiation. 1.5 ms, (limits the risk of artifacts). The 6 simultaneous photographs are reconstructed into a 3D stereophotogrammetrical picture (.tsb-file).

  13. the .tsb-file needed to be converted into an .obj-file, imported to the Maxilim software program (version 2.0.3, Medicim NV, Mechelen, Belgium). For matching the digital dental casts to the digital 3D picture: anterior teeth

  14. To integrate the 3 models • Digital dental cast is matched to digital 3D picture of the patient’s face with cheek retracters. • Imported into the Maxilim software program (matching tool)

  15. The registration process Steps. 1. Initial positioning of the surfaces. 2. Selecting corresponding regions. 3. Registration of the digital dental cast with the digital 3D picture. 4. Computation of the distance between the digital dental cast and the digital 3D picture.

  16. The registration process Steps. 1. Initial positioning of the surfaces.

  17. The registration process Steps. 1. Initial positioning of the surfaces.

  18. The registration process Steps. 2. Selecting corresponding regions. region for surface matching (yellow), indicated on the digital dental cast region for surface matching (yellow), indicated on the 3D facial picture with cheek retractors

  19. The registration process Steps. 3. Registration of the digital dental cast with the digital 3D picture.

  20. The registration process Steps. 4. Computation of the distance between the digital dental cast and the digital 3D picture.

  21. To integrate the 3 models • With the digital dental cast positioned into the face project a digital 3D picture of the patient with the teeth in occlusion on the digital 3D picture of the patient with cheek retractors.

  22. Results • 15 minutes for an experienced person. • Good matching is possible for the 3 models. • Mathematical environment Matlab (R2006a, Mathworks, Natick, Mass) can calculate the average distance of the 2 surfaces for the matched areas; • the average distance for the anterior teeth was 0.35 mm • matching the 2 digital 3D pictures, the average distance was 0.29 mm (SD, 0.21 mm).

  23. Discussion • The use of stereophotogrammetry has proven to be useful in facial and human body 3D imaging. • Some parts of the face (eg, the teeth), the imaging is not good enough. • After matching the anterior teeth>great differences in the distance kit • Resolution of the digital 3D pictures and the shininess of the teeth and the gingiva.

  24. Digital wire frame

  25. Discussion • The black parts in the distance kit; difference between the 2 surfaces is more than 2 mm.

  26. Discussion • When 2 surfaces were matched • mean distance and the standard deviation between the 2 surfaces were calculated. • Measurement error of camera/software program. • 0.35 mm between digital 3D picture with cheek retractors and the digital dental cast probably not be clinically relevant. • The inclusion of discrete surfaces for matching does not contribute to a better matching result.

  27. Conlusions -It is technically possible to make a 3D data set of a patient’s face, with the dentition positioned in the anatomically correct position.

  28. Conlusions -Future research needs to establish the value of this 3D fused data set for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. -When this proves to be useful>matching procedure by the software>orthodontist can start analyzing the data set immediately.

  29. Thank you for your attention

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