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Jac Wilsenach Appropriate technologies conference 4 September 2007

On-site treatment and beneficial use of waste streams: local case studies. Jac Wilsenach Appropriate technologies conference 4 September 2007 BMW Pavilion, V&A Waterfront, Cape Town. Challenges!. Dry region vs sustainable food production Economic growth vs environmental protection

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Jac Wilsenach Appropriate technologies conference 4 September 2007

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  1. On-site treatment and beneficial use of waste streams: local case studies Jac Wilsenach Appropriate technologies conference 4 September 2007 BMW Pavilion, V&A Waterfront, Cape Town

  2. Challenges! • Dry region vs sustainable food production • Economic growth vs environmental protection • 2) Ageing infrastructure vs urbanization • 3) Lack of skills vs global development • 4) Poverty vs wealth • 5) Sustainable systems vs depletion of resources

  3. From linear flux to nutrient recovery

  4. Why collect waste streams separately? Load from faeces Load from urine Load from all other wastewater Potassium - K Nitrogen - N Domestic Wastewater volume Phosphate - P

  5. Urban effluent: de-central treatment and recycle Storage Rainwater (roof runoff) Household water Overflow Storm water (overland) Containment Solids/Oils ? Separation Aerobic Grey water Bulk drinking water Overflow Engineered wetland Irrigation Disinfection Screenings ? Toilet water Nitrification membrane/ biofilm Anaerobic digestion Overflow Organic easily degradable Disinfection Organic slowly degradable/inert Irrigation Sludge thickening/drying Composting Soil

  6. Three case studies Oude Molen Lynedoch Philippi

  7. Sustainability Institute at Lynedoch Vertically integrated wetland Biolytix system

  8. Treatment processes at Lynedoch Municipal water (40%) School/ offices Biolytix Sand filter UV Rain Recommendation Houses Septic tanks VIW Trunz (uf) Recycle to toilet flushing Irrigation on site

  9. Effluent quality at Lynedoch (range of minimum, maximum values measured)

  10. 300 – 400 houses, Small enterprises, 7 ha urban agriculture The Businessplace at Philippi

  11. The Philippi Business Place A multidisciplinary neighbourhood design approach with: • Sustainability Institute, • School of Public Management and Planning, University of Stellenbosch • Noero Wolff Architects • Agama Energy • CSIR • TRIACON • Hulme and de Villiers • Etc.

  12. Treatment processes at Philippi - Water Balance Municipal water (171 m3/d) Ground water (29 m3/d) Offices/ houses Aerobic biofilm Sand filter UV Grey water (171 m3/d) N2 Anaerob. Digester Anoxic MLSS Black water (103 m3/d) Biogas Aerobic biofilm Compost/ Irrigation on site Recycle to toilet flushing (103 m3/d)

  13. 10300 kgN2/a (Based on tomatoes) Food consumption and excretion (2500 people) Wastewater treatment (including bio- denitrification) Agricultural soil needs: 11750 kgN/a 1625 kgP/a 1450 kgN/a 1625 kgP/a 1450 kgN/a 1575 kgP/a Net Food import Local over-supply of nutrients (N)

  14. Treatment processes at Philippi – Mass Balance Offices/ houses Aerobic biofilm Sand filter UV Grey water 139 kgCOD/d 5 kgN/d 28 kgN2 Anaerob. Digester Anoxic MLSS Black water 208 kgCOD/d 32 kgN/d 18 kgCH4 5 kgN/d 7:1 Aerobic biofilm Compost/ Irrigation on site 4 kgN/d Recycle to toilet flushing (103 m3/d)

  15. Oude Molen EcoVillage development Projexe, Makeka Design Laboratory, Marcussen Architecture, Arcus Gibb, Triocon, Sustainability Institute, Heritage consultant, Environmental consultants,

  16. Treatment processes at Oude Molen Municipal water 195 m3/d Bath/Shower water 50 m3/d Aerobic biofilm Sand filter UV Offices/ social/ Comm./ Showcase/ houses Black water kitchen water laundry water 189 m3/d UCT MLSS Irrigation Aerobic/ Anoxic SBR Compost/Struvite Exported off site Urine 1 m3/d MgO Recycle to toilet flushing (45 m3/d)

  17. Costs • Capital cost of Lynedoch system = R15,000/home (2001) • Capital cost of Philippi system = R16,000/home (2006), water saving = R630/home.a • Cost to replace/upgrade overloaded infrastructure @ Oude Molen = R 75 mil. (R175,000/home, 2004) • Reference: N2 Gateway = R15,000/home for water and sanitation infrastructure

  18. Conclusion… a place for decentral systems: • Where in terms of relative scale, it is “central” • Where central systems fail to keep up with development, • Where development takes place on top of and over original design capacity, • Where communities can tap into the recycled resources, • Where ownership of operation and maintenance can be established.

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