Office of the Director Defense Research and Engineering

1. Office of the Director Defense Research and Engineering Archived Information National Security Workforce: Issues and DoD Strategies Department of Education Science Summit Briefing Dr. Ron Sega Director of Defense Research & Engineering Washington, DC March 16, 2004

2. Overview • DoD Transformation: Capabilities-Based Approach • Science and Engineering Workforce • U.S. • Department of Defense • The Future • Summary

3. Protect Bases of Operations Conduct Information Operations Project and Sustain US Forces Deny Enemy Sanctuary Conduct Space Operations Leverage Information Technologies *Report to Congress: September 30, 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review * Critical Operational Goals

4. Protect Bases of Operations • Combating Terrorism • Chemical/BiologicalDefense • Missile Defense • ConsequenceManagement

5. Conduct Information Operations • Defensive IO and Information Assurance • Offensive IO

6. Project and Sustain US Forces • Anti-Access Capabilities

7. Deny Enemy Sanctuary Persistent Surveillance, Tracking and Rapid Engagement with Precision Strike • Remote Sensing/Enhanced C4ISR • Unmanned Aerial Vehicle • Long-Range Precision Strike • Small-Diameter Munitions • Defeat Hard and Deeply BuriedTargets

8. Conduct Space Operations • Ensure Access to Space • Protect Space Assets • Space Surveillance • Control Space • Sub-Orbital SpaceVehicle

9. Leverage Information Technologies • High-capacity Interoperable Communications • Survivable, Improved, Tactical and Strategic Communications • End-to-end C4ISR

10. Transformation Technology Initiatives • Transformation Attributes Knowledge Speed Agility Lethality • Transformation Technology Initiatives • National Aerospace Initiative • Energy and Power Technologies • Surveillance and Knowledge Systems

11. National Aerospace Initiative-- Technology Framework -- • Strategic Focus • Technical Coordination • Aerospace Workforce NAI High Speed Hypersonics Space Access Space Technology DoD/NASA TCT/NPR Space Commission Reusable Launch Vehicle Expendable (Missiles) Reusable [Mach 0 - 12] Responsive Payloads 2nd Stage Rocket Engine Mach<4 Flexible Comm Air-Breathing 1st Stage (TSTO) [Mach 0 - 12] Space Maneuvering Vehicle 4<Mach<15 Long-Range Strike [Mach 0-7] ISR Synergy Goal: 1 + 1 + 1 > 3 Space Control

12. National Aerospace Initiative 25 Hydrogen Scramjet Mach 8-15 Production 15 X-Vehicles Hydrocarbon Scramjet Mach 4-7 Space Access NAI Ramjet Mach 3-4 10 Mach Number Strike Aircraft High Speed Turbine Mach 2-4 X-15 5 SR-71 XB-70 Missiles Concorde F-4 F-16 F-22 F-117 B-2 F-15 0 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 NAI Hypersonic Component Technology Development and Ground Demonstrations Hypersonic System Technology Development and Flight Demonstrations

13. POWER GENERATION • Fuel Cells & Fuel Reforming • Novel Power FUEL CELL Energy & Power Technologies… Enabling a More Electric Force More Electric Aircraft Electric Warship ENERGY STORAGE Space Based Radar Power Needs • Batteries • Capacitors High Power Microwave POWER CONTROL AND DISTRIBUTION FY02 FY12 • Switching & Conditioning • Power Transmission & Distribution • Thermal Management New Operational Capabilities Warrior Electric/Hybrid Weapons Hybrid/Electric Combat Vehicle

14. Energy and Power Technologies 1 G 10 M 100K 1K 10 0.1 0.001 DoD Focus X Ship DDX (Destroyer) X Directed Energy Weapons X Future Combat System, Mobility X Satellites X Home Power, Watts X Cars X Tools X Warrior Commercial Focus X Laptops X Cell Phones X Cameras X Watches Sec Min Hrs Days Month Years Mission Length

15. Surveillance & Knowledge Systems Information and Decision Dominance achieved through integrated C4ISR technologies that enable seamless, interoperable, knowledge-based, and assured Joint & Coalition Network-Centric Operations & Warfare. • Sensing: • Management and tasking of pervasive, persistent sensors for enhancing battlespace knowledge • Comms & Networking: • Guaranteed, 365x24x7, mobile, information access and delivery (always-on “internet dial tone”) • Knowledge Management: • Dramatically improved speed of command through integrated Common Picture, Collaboration, and Planning • Information Security (Cyber Ops): • Network protection, information assurance; offensive disruption

16. Surveillance & KnowledgeEnabling Integrated C4ISR • Technology Foci • Adaptive Networks • Ubiquitous Sensors • Decision Aids Data Information Knowledge Understanding Wisdom Decisions

17. DoD S&Es as % of Fed S&E Workforce Source: Pre-release - OPM data for NSF pub, Table B-14. Federal scientists and engineers, by agency and major occupational group: 1994-1998

18. DoD Percent of Federal ResearchBasic and Applied Research (FY00) Fed Total 38% 14% 81% 71% 36% 35% 39% 15% 35% 13% Univ. Research 52% 28% 68% 67% 37% 14% 33% 14% 37% 7% Univ. Basic 37% 90% 69% 67% 33% 11% 32% 14% 12% 7% Univ. Applied 71% 3% 68% 72% 59% 20% 36% 15% 88% 8% Aeronautical Astronautical Electrical Engineering Mechanical Engineering Metallurgy & Materials Civil Engineering All Engineering Mathematics Computer Science All Fields of Research updated 8/02/02, KT Source: Federal Funds for R&D, NSF Report #02-321

19. Overall S&E Demand Projections 2000-2010From “Occupational Outlook Handbook” Bureau of Labor Statistics

20. Physical Review Trends Physical Review & Physical Review Letters Total Submissions Source: American Physical Society - APS News August/September 2000 -

21. MS&E: National Security and the Workforce No Child Left Behind Existing DoD Outreach and Education Programs DoD Education Initiatives Middle School Level Secondary School Level Elementary School Level Undergrad Level Graduate Level • STARBASE • Mentor/Volunteer • Summer Camps • Others • STARBASE • e-Cybermission • Others • Materials • World Modules • (MWM) • Service Progs. • *Modeling & Simulation- • Based Math • *Others TBD (BEST) • *DoD Secondary • School Interns • (TBD) • Undergrad Research • Freshman • Science • Experience • Service Progs. • *Modeling & Simulation- • Based Math • *DoD Undergrad • Interns (TBD) • National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate Fellowships • Service Progs. • *Graduate Research Traineeships • *DoD Graduate • Interns (TBD) *Exploring

22. MS&E: National Security and the Workforce Kindles interest in science and engineering and instills passion for discovery MWM Content “Integrated” multidisciplinary approach to Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Science and Geoscience using “materials as a paradigm” • Ceramics • Composites • Biodegradable Materials • Polymers • Concrete • Biosensors • Smart Sensors • Sports Materials • Food Packaging Materials • Nanotechnology • Environmental Catalysis • Modules in use • Surfaces and Membranes • Metals and Alloys • Modules in test • Modules in design Deployment Based Considerations of MWM Use: • Adopted by DoD Education Activity in 13 overseas school districts in Fall ’00 Materials World Modules • Adopted in over 500 US schools in 14 states 22

23. eCYBERMISSION Show students that math, science and technology can be interesting and exciting • Vigorously supports Army’s intent “to give back to the Nation” • Attract an audience of children beyond math/science “stars” • Web-based adventure: team competition activities, games, puzzles with solid learning points • Overview • Web Based Competition – Team Effort • 6-9th Grade, 3-4 Student Teams + 1 Advisor • $500K in Prizes, ($2K-$5K/Team Member) Regional and National

24. Primarily At-Risk kids • 20 Classroom Hour experience at DoD bases • 45+ sites in 28 states • EngagingScienceand Mathematics • Grades 5-8

25. Summary • U.S. Science and Engineering (S&E) is critical for Defense Transformation • Significant reduction in DoD S&Es over the last decade • More DoD S&Es nearing retirement • U.S. citizens are required in many DoD applications • U.S. S&E workforce is an issue of National Security!