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Basics of Civilizations

Basics of Civilizations. Prehistoric, Paleolithic people. Used hunting and gathering. Ice age then Neolithic Revolution. The world was very cold (Ice Age) As the weather warmed plants had an easier time growing Agriculture (farming) was the revolution during the Neolithic time period.

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Basics of Civilizations

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  1. Basics of Civilizations

  2. Prehistoric, Paleolithic people • Used hunting and gathering

  3. Ice age then Neolithic Revolution • The world was very cold (Ice Age) • As the weather warmed plants had an easier time growing • Agriculture (farming) was the revolution during the Neolithic time period

  4. Neolithic Revolution • The “revolution” is agriculture (farming) and the domestication of animals.

  5. Parts of Civilization • Agriculture (farming) • Sedentary living in cities • Written language • Code of law • Division of labor

  6. Fertile Crescent • Euphrates and Tigris river made the area farmable • Mesopotamia was in this location

  7. Code of Hammurabi's • It is a strict law code that applied to everyone. • 1st written law code!

  8. Epic of Gilgamesh • 1st major piece of Literature

  9. Polytheism or Monotheism • Polytheism • Believe in many gods such as Hinduism • Monotheism • Believe in one god such as Christianity

  10. Astronomy used by Egyptians • Predict, the flooding of the Nile

  11. Hieroglyphics • Egyptian Writing, use of symbols

  12. The Great Wall of China • Protection against the Mongols

  13. China • Himalayas (Mountains) caused China to be isolated (Alone) • Just like the Greek City-States

  14. Confucianism • Follow the rules • obey your parents • It is a Social System, allowed for control by the Emperor over his subjects

  15. Mandate of Heaven • Rulers kept this by ruling well. • Caused the Dynastic cycle, if there was a bad ruler the people would over throw him.

  16. Walls • Most ancient cities had these for protection

  17. Caste System • Created a rigid social class in India

  18. Indian Innovations (South Asian) • Mathematics

  19. The Classical World

  20. Ancient Greece Geography • Mountains Isolated Greeks and created independent (alone) city-state.

  21. Democracy • Rule by many • 1st started in Athens, Greece • Citizens help rule

  22. Pythagoras • Greek mathematician who advanced geometry

  23. Hinduism • Religion Alexander the Great could have come across as he went into India

  24. Triumvirate • Rule by three • Julius Cesar was a part of it

  25. Domes • Romans used these in their architecture • Created and used concrete

  26. Rome • Centrally located in the Mediterranean • Allowed for effective rule

  27. Fall of Rome • Caused chaos and disorder (Dark Ages began)

  28. Jesus • Taught Compassion and love toward others.

  29. Genghis Khan • Mongolian Raider who conquered parts of Asia • Grandson, Kublai Khan, extended the territory

  30. Justinian’s code of law • Compilation of Roman laws, created the body of civil laws known today

  31. Byzantine Empire • Founded on Christianity • The Eastern Roman Empire • Continued on after the fall of the Western Roman Empire

  32. Islam and Africa

  33. Muhammad • Prophet and founder of Islam • Islam spread rapidly after the death of Muhammad

  34. West African Kingdoms • Products were traded to Europe, throughout the Mediterranean, and Asia • Trade routes get larger and territory (land they own) get larger • Traded ivory, gold and slaves

  35. Middle Ages (Feudal Eurasia)

  36. Magna Carta • Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles • Power to the people!!!! King did not have Absolute power!

  37. Constantinople • Major trade port between Europe and Asia • Stopping point for Crusaders

  38. Inquisition • Catholic church created this court, to find and judge Heretics (nonbelievers)

  39. Magna Carta • Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles

  40. Magna Carta • Written document, 1215, • Limited government, King vs. nobles • Power to the people!!!! King did not have Absolute power!

  41. Serf • Poor worker • forced to stay on the lords land and work, basically a slave during the Middle Ages

  42. Feudal Contract • Unwritten contract between a Lord and Vassal

  43. Crusades • European Knights travelled to the Middle East to conquer Holy lands from Muslims. • Initially for Christianity, their religion. • Effects: • Ended Fuedalism (Land was passed to the King) • Cultural Difussion (Europeans learned to use a compass)

  44. Catholic church • Unifying force during the Middle Ages • Churches were built on the Manor

  45. Three field system • increased crop production; thus, food supply • able to harvest 2 crops a year and leaving one fallow (to regain nutrients) • First used during the Middle Ages

  46. Vikings • Originated in Norway • Attacked European villages

  47. Black Death • Spread South to North along the trade route • Hit Italy, France, and Norway the worst • Originated in China

  48. Black Plague’s impact on Europe • It killed a large proportion of the population, especially in countries with many sea ports.

  49. Renaissance and Reformation

  50. The Renaissance • Increase (more) trade in Italy, less control of the Catholic Church, and an increase in individualism

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