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Chapter 3.2

Chapter 3.2. Variance and Standard Deviation. Comparison of Outdoor Paint.

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Chapter 3.2

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  1. Chapter 3.2 Variance and Standard Deviation

  2. Comparison of Outdoor Paint A testing lab wishes to test two experimental brands of outdoor paint to see how long each will last before fades. The testing lab makes 6 gallons of each paint to test. Since different chemical agents are added to each group and only six cans involved, these two groups constitute two small populations. The results in months are shown.

  3. Find the mean for Brand A and Brand B • Recall formula for Mean

  4. Results? • Although the means are the same, we cannot conclude that both brands of paint last equally well. • Find the range:

  5. Definitions and formulas for variability of a data set: • The variance is the average of the squares of the distance of each value is from the mean. • The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. • X = individual value, N = population size, µ = population mean

  6. Steps for finding Variance and Standard Deviation • Find the mean of the data • Subtract the mean from each data value • Square each result • Find the sum of the squares • Divide the sum by N to get the variance • Take the square root of the variance to get the standard deviation • (It might be helpful to organize the data in a table)

  7. Find the Standard Deviation and Variance of both brands of paint

  8. Conclusions • Since the standard deviation of brand A is greater than the standard deviation of brand B, the data are more variable for brand A. • In summary, when the means are equal, the larger the variance or standard deviation is, the more variable the data are.

  9. Standard Deviation and Variance for Samples • Formula for Variance: • Formula for Standard Deviation:

  10. Shortcut formulas for samples • Variance: • Standard Deviation:

  11. Steps for finding the sample variance and standard deviation: • Find the sum of the values (∑X) • Square each value and find the sum (∑X2) • Substitute in the formulas and solve

  12. Example: • Find the sample variance and standard deviation for the amount of European auto sales for a sample of 6 years shown. The data are in millions of dollars. 11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3

  13. Starting Teacher’s Salaries: • Starting teaches’ salaries (in equivalent U.S. dollars) for upper secondary education in selected countries are listed below. Which set of data is more variable? (The U.S. average starting salary at this was $29,641)

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