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What is Design?

What is Design?. HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Winter 2012. With credit to Jake Wobbrock, Dave Hendry, Andy Ko, Jennifer Turns, & Mark Zachry. Agenda. Announcements Lecture & Discussion – What is Design? Break – 5 mins IDEO Deep Dive video What is Design? Videos & discussion Next class.

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What is Design?

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  1. What is Design? HCDE 518 & INDE 545 Winter 2012 With credit to Jake Wobbrock, Dave Hendry, Andy Ko, Jennifer Turns, & Mark Zachry

  2. Agenda • Announcements • Lecture & Discussion – What is Design? • Break – 5 mins • IDEO Deep Dive video • What is Design? Videos & discussion • Next class

  3. Announcements • R1 due now • A1 due on Wednesday • R2 due next Wednesday • P0 due next Wednesday • No class on Monday, Jan. 16th (MLK Jr. Day) • Questions?

  4. P0 – Design Question & Team Form • Determine your project design question & at least 3 research questions • More on Wednesday on how to do this • Identify team members and complete team form • http://courses.washington.edu/hcde518/project/P0-TeamForm.doc • Due Wednesday, January 18th • Time this Wednesday to discuss teams

  5. Project Topic Ideas (handout) • Enter a student design competition • e.g., Accessible Voting Project • Do an industry-sponsored activity • Anything else you’re interested in • Should identify a population and a problem • e.g., how can technology support long distance bicyclers in finding restaurants and accommodations? • e.g., how can technology help shoppers find what they’re looking for at a farmer’s market?

  6. Lecture & Discussion – what is design?

  7. What is Design? Creative endeavor • Process of creating or shaping tools or artifacts for direct human use Outputs are things people-centered concerns Processes, methods

  8. Characteristics of Design • Design… • is conscious • keeps human concerns in the center • is a conversation with materials • is creative • is communication • has social implications • is a social activity

  9. Design vs. Engineering • Engineering • Make a mostly-known outcome possible • Construct a sturdy bridge based on specifications • Concerned with what can be done • Reliance on well-established formulae • Humans may or may not be directly “in the loop” • Design • Envision new possibilities, new outcomes • Determine what outcome should result among infinite possibilities • Reliance on process over formulae • Humans are central actors “in the loop”

  10. Design vs. Art • Design (as we regard it) concerns the creation of something useful and usable • Art does not bother with this restriction • The test: how to deem what is “good”?

  11. Other Contrasts • Interface vs. interaction design • Artifact versus sequence • Graphic < interface < interaction < user experience • Usability vs. user experience (UX) design • Evaluation of understandability vs. holistic design • Designing it right vs. the right design • Often, poor usability leads to a bad user experience, but not necessarily

  12. design vs. Design • design: the general activity we've been talking about so far • Design: the formal field, including theory, methods, literature, and practice

  13. Who Does Design? • Designers! • Designers are often… • Applied anthropologists • Design ethnographers • Social psychologists • Cognitive psychologists • Experimental psychologists • Computer scientists • Engineers • Interface designers • Interaction designers • Industrial designers • Graphic designers • Information architects • Usability professionals • Technical writers • Dramatists

  14. Can Anyone be a Designer? • Don Norman says “yes” • Mostly in the “design” sense • Bill Buxton says “no” • Mostly in the “Design” sense • Not really a clear consensus on this

  15. What is Designed? • “Look around you. The only thing not designed is Nature.” • David Kelley • Anything consciously intended for human use is designed • Often poorly, though

  16. Why is Design Hard? • Interface design is multidisciplinary • Judging/predicting which designs will be successful and which will not is difficult • It is simply hard to come up with good solutions • The space of “the possible” is vast compared to the space of “the good”

  17. Why is Design Hard? • All design involves making tradeoffs • Can't maximize everything • Good designs are non-obvious • Humans are unpredictable • Humans make errors • Design relies on process expertise, not knowledge expertise

  18. Core Skills of Design • To synthesize a solution from all of the relevant constraints, understanding everything that will make a difference to the result • To frame, or reframe, the problem and objective • To create and envision alternatives. • To select from those alternatives, knowing intuitively how to choose the best approach. • To visualize and prototype the intended solution

  19. One View of the Design Process

  20. Sketches on Design Thinking (Andy Ko)

  21. Design is Not Just “Lipstick on a Pig” • Not just changing how things look • Or making things pretty • Or designing graphics

  22. Interaction Design Mantras • “The user is not like me.” –Don Norman • “The best way to have good ideas is to have lots of ideas.” – Linus Pauling • “Fail often to succeed sooner.” – IDEO • “Enlightened trial-and-error succeeds over the careful planning of the lone genius.” – IDEO

  23. “The user is not like me” • Why not? • Designers are much more familiar with the interface and with the problems being solved than users. • Designers are confident. Users are often fearful. • Designers work in settings that are different than the context in which the product may be used. • Designers may have different skills than users (e.g., perceptual, cognitive, or domain skills). • (from Don Norman)

  24. Remember this Mantra: • “The user is not like me”

  25. A1: Thinking about Design • Think about the objects with which you interact and how they’re designed • Derive design principles • Assignment description posted online (A1) • Due Wednesday, 1/11/11

  26. BREAK – 5 MINUTES

  27. VIDEOS – WHAT IS DESIGN?

  28. IDEO's Deep Dive • Excellent example of the user-centered design process • IDEO's Deep Dive Video • Part 1 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ooN05Q030Qo • Part 2 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_7_sZy-kusw • Part 3 - http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxO8t9Sonk8

  29. Discussion

  30. Interviews from Moggridge (2007) • Gillian Crampton Smith (Director, Ivrea) • What is interaction design? • 4 minutes • Bill Verplank (Xerox Star) • MyPC • 3 minutes • Cordell Ratzlaff (Mac OS X) • MyPC • 3 minutes

  31. Lessons? • What lessons do these interviews hold?

  32. Next Class Topics • Wednesday, January 11th • The User-Centered Design Process • Upcoming Work • Next set of readings and reflections • Assignment 1 • Begin thinking about project topics and team members

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