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On Rhetoric

On Rhetoric. Just a few notes and helpful tips to make your paper successful!. To appeal to LOGOS (logic, reasoning). Types of LOGOS Appeals Theories/scientific facts Indicated meanings or reasonings (because) Literal or historical analogies Definitions Facts, data, statistics

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On Rhetoric

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  1. On Rhetoric Just a few notes and helpful tips to make your paper successful!

  2. To appeal to LOGOS(logic, reasoning) Types of LOGOS Appeals Theories/scientific facts Indicated meanings or reasonings (because) Literal or historical analogies Definitions Facts, data, statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions Examples Personal anecdotes

  3. Effect on Audience Evokes a cognitive, rational response. Readers get a sense of, “Oh, that makes sense” or “Hmmm, that really doesn’t prove anything”.

  4. How to Talk About It The author appeals to logos by defining relevant terms and then supports his claim with numerous citations from authorities. The author’s use of statistics and expert testimony are very convincing logos appeals.

  5. To Develop or Appeal to ETHOS(character, ethics; how an author builds credibility and trustworthiness) Ways to Develop ETHOS Author’s profession/background Author’s publication Appearing sincere, fair minded, knowledgeable Conceding to opposition when appropriate Morally and ethically likeable Appropriate language for audience and subject Appropriate vocabulary Correct grammar Professional format

  6. Effect on Audience Helps reader to see the author as reliable, trustworthy, competent, and credible. The reader might respect the author or his views.

  7. How to Talk About It Through his use of scientific terminology, the author builds his ethos by demonstrating expertise. The author’s ethos is effectively developed as readers see that he is sympathetic to the struggles minorities face.

  8. To Appeal to PATHOS(emotion – words or passages an author uses to activate emotions) Types of PATHOS appeals Emotionally loaded language Vivid descriptions Emotional examples Anecdotes, testimonies, or narratives about emotional experiences or events Figurative language Emotional tone

  9. Effect on Audience Evokes an emotional response. Persuasion by emotion usually evoking fear, sympathy, empathy, anger, etc.

  10. How to Talk About It When referencing 9/11, the author is appealing to pathos. Here, he is eliciting both anger and sadness from his audience. The author’s description of the child’s cancer was a very persuasive appeal to pathos.

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