Agenda 4/7

1. Agenda 4/7 • Warm up #4 • Collect Science Notebook • Notes: Immune System • Microviewers Lab: harmful Bacteria • Crossword puzzle

2. Warm up 4: Intro to Immune System • How do we fight off bacterial infections? • How can we prevent viral diseases? • What does it mean to be immune to something? • What do you suppose the job of the immune system is?

3. Immune System Let’s Get Defensive

4. I. Pathogens Cause Infectious Disease • Infectious disease • Caused when a pathogen is passed from one organism to another • Pathogens • Bacteria • Viruses • Fungi • Parasites • Protozoans

5. Parasitic Pathogens Example: Botfly https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNDG7WPtVO4

6. Pathogenic Protozoa Giardia: occurs by swallowing contaminated water, by eating contaminated food or through person-to-person contact https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bGMor71WkFc Music video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2R7fTTsXQzY

7. II. Spread of Disease • Types of Reservoirs • Human (Direct or Indirect Contact) • Main reservoir for pathogens that affect humans • Individual that is symptom-free but capable of passing the pathogen is called a carrier

8. II. Spread of Disease Cont. 2. Animal (Vector) • Other animals also are reservoirs of pathogens that can be passed to humans, such as influenza and rabies. 3. Others (Direct Contact) • Soil • Contaminated water or food

10. III. Treating and Fighting Disease • Antibiotic is a substance that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria • Penicillium(bacteria) • Erythromycin (fights Diphtheria) • Neomycin (creams, ointments, and eye drops) • Gentamicin (helps fight UTIs) Diphtheria

11. Agenda 4/8 • Warm up 5 • Notes: Immune System • Documentary BBC Horizon: Pandemic Diseases *Homework: Crossword puzzle (extension… Thursday) *Warrior Lab Friday

12. Warm up 5: Infectious Disease • What is an infectious disease? • What is a pathogenic reservoir? • What are 3 types of pathogenic reservoirs? Give an example for each. • A botfly is considered what type of pathogen? What about Giardia?

13. I. Immune Response • purpose of the immune response is to inactivate or destroy pathogens, abnormal cells, and foreign molecules

15. Immune System II. Nonspecific Immunity Body has a number of defenses in the immune system that fight off pathogens • B. Defenses are nonspecific • Not aimed at a specific pathogen • C. Help prevent disease • D. Help slow progression of disease

16. III. Antibodies • a protein produced by plasma cells that is used in the immune system to identify foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses

17. Immune System IV. Skin Barrier • A. Skin cells • protect against invasion by microorganisms • B. Bacteria that live symbiotically on the skin digest skin oils to produce acids • Inhibit many pathogens

18. Immune System V. Chemical Barriers • A. Saliva, tears, and nasal secretions contain lysozyme (enzyme) • Breaks down bacterial cell walls and kills pathogens • B. Mucus acts as a protective barrier • Blocks bacteria from sticking to inner epithelial (skin) cells

19. Immune System VI. Nonspecific Responses to Invasion Body has nonspecific immune responses to pathogens that get beyond its barriers • 1. Cellular defense • Phagocytosis – release enzymes or other chemicals to destroy pathogen • 2.Interferon (protein) • Virus infected cells; prevents replication • 3. Inflammatory response • More blood flow brings in more white blood cells

20. Pandemic Diseases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jESeN63qNcM

21. Agenda 4/9 • Warm up 5 • Notes: Specific Immunity • Documentary BBC Horizon: Pandemic Diseases *Homework: Crossword puzzle (due tomorrow) *Warrior Lab Friday

22. Warm up 6: Nonspecific Immunity • What is our body’s first defense against microorganisms? • What are the chemical barriers our body produces? • If microorganisms get past your first line of defenses what do you suppose will happen next? • What is the purpose of phagocytosis, and how does it work?

23. Immune System VII. Specific Immunity Lymphatic system • Organs and cells • Filter lymph and blood • Destroy foreign microorganisms • Defend body against infections

24. Immune System VIII. Lymphatic Cells • Lymphocytes– white blood cell that is produced in red bone marrow • Protect the body • T cells (T lymphocytes) • Manage immune response • Directly attack and destroy infected cells • B cells (B lymphocytes) • Differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies (mark antigens, aka name tags, for destruction) • Macrophages – phagocytize foreign matter and activate T cells https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VQU28itVVw

25. Immune System IX. Passive Immunity • Temporary protection • Occurs when antibodies are made by other people or animals and are transferred or injected into the body • Between mother and infant • To treat tetanus and rabies • To inactivate snake and scorpion venoms

26. Immune System X. Active Immunity • A. Active immunity occurs after immune system is exposed to disease antigens • Memory cells are produced • Can result from having an infectious disease • B. Immunization • Deliberate exposure of the body to an antigen • Primary response and immune memory cells develop

28. Immune System XI. Immune System Failure Some diseases can affect the immune system’s effectiveness 1.Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • 2. HIV infects mainly helper T cells • Helper T cells become HIV factories, producing new viruses • Number of helper T cells in an infected person decreases

29. Pandemic Diseases https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jESeN63qNcM