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Chapter 9

Chapter 9. Fundamentals of Genetics. Page 164. Look at the photo and answer the following questions in complete sentences! How is this alligator different from other alligators you have seen?. Background Vocab. Genetics:

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Chapter 9

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  1. Chapter 9 Fundamentals of Genetics

  2. Page 164 • Look at the photo and answer the following questions in complete sentences! • How is this alligator different from other alligators you have seen?

  3. Background Vocab

  4. Genetics: • Field of biology to understand how characteristics are given from parents to their children • Heredity: • The sending of characteristics from parents to children • Gregor Mendel: • Person who did much of the work to create genetics as a topic to study

  5. Mendel’s Peas

  6. Mendel looked at 7 characteristics. • Each characteristic had 2 options. • Height—tall or short • Seed color—yellow or green • Texture—smooth or wrinkled • Flower color—purple or white

  7. He collected seeds from his pea plants and planted them the next year. • Seeds from a purple flower plant… Purple Flower & White Flower Plants • Seeds from a tall plant… Tall & Short Plants

  8. P1 Generation: • Parents • F1 Generation: • 1st set of children • F2 Generation: • 2nd set of children

  9. For Example…

  10. Mendel’s Conclusions

  11. A pair of factors must control each trait (ex. Tall vs. Short). • One factor must prevent the other from being seen. (In F1 only saw tall plants.) • Dominant: • Trait that is seen • Recessive: • Trait that does NOT appear

  12. Law of Segregation: • A pair of factors is separated when eggs and sperm are made • Example— Sperm  tall factor Egg  short factor Baby is…tall or short WHY?????

  13. Law of Independent Assortment: • Factors are given to the gametes (?) independently

  14. Allele: • New name for forms of a gene (Mendel’s factors) • Use letters • CAPITAL LETTERS = dominant alleles • Lowercase letters = recessive alleles

  15. For Example… • Seed Color • Green is dominant • G • Yellow is recessive • g

  16. Genotype: • Genetic make-up • Ex: Gg • Phenotype: • Appearance of an organism • Ex: Green

  17. 9.2 Genetic Crosses

  18. Homozygous: • Both alleles are alike • Homozygous dominant = TT = tall • Homozygous recessive = tt = short • Heterozygous: • The two alleles are different • Tt = tall

  19. Probability: • How likely it is for something to occur • Often written in the form of a fraction

  20. Monohybrid cross: • A cross using one pair of traits • Ex: cross between a pure purple flowering plant and a pure white flowering plant

  21. How do you show a cross? • Punnett Square: • A diagram to predict how traits are inherited p p P P

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