1 / 20

Department of Chemistry CHEM1010 General Chemistry Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang

Department of Chemistry CHEM1010 General Chemistry Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang Foster Hall, Room 221 Tel: 931-6325 Email: hzhang@tntech.edu. CHEM1010/General Chemistry _________________________________________ Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry. Today’s Outline ..Alcohols ..Phenols

keefe
Download Presentation

Department of Chemistry CHEM1010 General Chemistry Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Department of Chemistry CHEM1010 General Chemistry Instructor: Dr. Hong Zhang Foster Hall, Room 221 Tel: 931-6325 Email: hzhang@tntech.edu

  2. CHEM1010/General Chemistry_________________________________________Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Today’s Outline ..Alcohols ..Phenols ..Carboxylic acids

  3. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Hydroxyl group and functional group …Review of electronic structure of hydroxyl group, -OH Valence electronic structure of -OH: .. ·O:H .. -OH has one single unpaired electron available for bonding

  4. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Alcohols …Alcohols are the hydrocarbons with one or more of H(s) replaced by –OH group(s) R-OH, their names are based on corresponding alkanes R- represents a carbon backbone Examples of alcohols CH3-OH, or CH3OH, methanol CH3CH2-OH, or CH3CH2OH, ethanol CH3CH2CH2-OH, or CH3CH2CH2OH, 1-propanol

  5. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Multifunctional Alcohols …Some Alcohols have more than one –OH group HO-R-OH, Examples of multifunctional alcohols HO-CH2-CH2-OH, or HOCH2CH2OH, ethylene glycol CH3-CH-CH2, propylene glycol | | OH OH CH2CH-CH2, | | | OH OH OH, glycerol

  6. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Alcohols …Methanol (methyl alcohol) the simplest alcohol also called wood alcohol, once made of wood modern industrial production: CO(g) + 2H2 = CH3OH a solvent, a chemical intermediate, can be used as a replacement for gasoline in automobiles

  7. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Alcohols …Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) the simplest alcohol also called grain alcohol, can be made of grains via fermentation yeast C6H12O6 = 2CH3CH2OH + 2CO2 Industrial production: CH2=CH2 + H2O + acid = CH3CH2OH industrially made ethanol cannot be used in beverages by law because of toxic impurities such as methanol

  8. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Alcohols …Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) gasoline in many parts of USA has up to 10% of ethanol from fermentation because of a large surplus of corn a solvent, a chemical intermediate, can be used as a replacement for gasoline in automobiles

  9. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Toxicity of alcohols …alcohols are generally toxic methanol can be oxidized in the living body to formaldehyde (HCHO). Drinking as little as 1 oz or ~30 mL or 2 table spoonfuls of methanol can cause blindness and even death 1 pint or ~500 mL of pure ethanol, rapidly ingested, will kill most people. alter brain cell functions, nerve damage, shorten life span, affecting babies from drunk mothers

  10. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Multifunctional alcohols …ethylene glycol is the main ingredient in many permanent antifreeze mixtures Propylene glycol is now used as a safer permanent antifreeze, not poisonous Glycerol is a sweet, syrupy liquid made as a by-product from fats during soap manufacture. It is used in lotions to keep the skin soft and as food addictive to keep cakes moist.

  11. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Phenols …Phenols are the organic compounds in which one or more –OH is attached to a benzene ring: benzene ring-OH, OH antiseptic, germicidal

  12. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is an alcohol (a) CH3CH2OCH2CH3; (b) CH3OCH2CH3; (c) CH3CH2OH; (d) CH3CH3.

  13. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a phenol (a) CH3CH2OCH2CH3; (b) CH3OCH2CH3; (c) CH3CH2OH; (d) -OH.

  14. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Review of electronic structure of oxygen …Review of electronic structure of oxygen Valence electronic structure of O .. O: or O= .. O can have two unpaired electrons available for bonding with C to form a double bond

  15. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Carboxylic acids Carboxylic acids are the hydrocarbons with the following functional group and structure: O || carboxyl group -C-OH or -COOH General formula: O || R-C-OH or RCOOH

  16. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Carboxylic acids Examples of carboxylic acids R = -H, formic acid O || H-C-OH or HCOOH or methanoic acid first obtained by destructive distillation of ants

  17. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • Carboxylic acids Examples of carboxylic acids R = -CH3, acetic acid O || CH3-C-OH or CH3COOH or ethanoic acid vinegar, 4-10% acetic acid solution

  18. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry • More example of carboxylic acid O || Benzoic acid C-OH sodium benzoate is used as food addictive to prevent mold

  19. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is a carboxylic acid (a) CH3CH2OCH2CH3; (b) CH3COCH2CH3; (c) CH3CH2COOH; (d) CH3CHO.

  20. Chapter 9. (L37)-Organic Chemistry Quiz Time Which of the following is acetic acid (a) CH3CH2OCH2CH3; (b) CH3CH2COCH2CH3; (c) HCOOH; (d) CH3COOH.

More Related