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Korea in the 1900s Japanese Occupation Liberation and Division

Japanese Occupation 1910-1945. Koreans continue to look to US as potential saviorLook to Protestant churches as special connection to AmericaJapan annexes Korea 1910Taft-Katsura AgreementUS concurs secretly that Japan should lead to modernize and develop KoreaProtestant Missionaries agree:Japa

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Korea in the 1900s Japanese Occupation Liberation and Division

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    1. Korea in the 1900s Japanese Occupation Liberation and Division 19

    2. Japanese Occupation 1910-1945 Koreans continue to look to US as potential savior Look to Protestant churches as special connection to America Japan annexes Korea 1910 Taft-Katsura Agreement US concurs secretly that Japan should lead to modernize and develop Korea Protestant Missionaries agree: Japan is the one modern Asian Nation Korean’s need Japanese tutelage Koreans today see this as a major betrayal

    3. Japanese Occupation: Independence Movements Case of 105, 1911 Alleged plot to assassinate Japanese occupation officials 105 arrested Heavy Christian component Christians seen as “nationalists” and loyalists Japanese recognized Christian “problem” but looked away because they needed Western acquiescence for the occupation

    4. Japanese Occupation: Independence Movements Case of 105, 1911: cont. Churches maintained national organizations Sermons focused on Moses and Exodus from Egypt YMCA became a political organization lots of them not really Christian – just political Missionaries tried to depoliticize churches and YMCA but failed

    5. Japanese Occupation Independence Movements March 1st Movement, 1919 Declaration of Independence 35 signatories – half Christian Clergy Coordinated protests throughout the nation Led by religious leaders, mostly Christians and Chondokyo, some Buddhists Peaceful Japanese response was mass violence Attack churches

    6. Japanese Occupation Independence Movements After March 1st Movement Korean Protestants Heavily persecuted Most pastors rejected “Exodus” theology Focused on next world salvation Some still worked for independence YMCA Study Groups Teaching Hangul and Korean history in “Sunday Schools” and “Bible Schools”

    7. Japanese Occupation Independence Movements 1935 Shinto Shrine Controversy and Christians in Korea Japan requires all schools to start with Shinto rights revering the Emperor Some Pastors see it as Shinto Worship Presbytery concludes it is “political” Most Christian Schools comply rather than shut down Some prefer to shut down and pastors in Pyongyang go to jail Christians again get credit for being anti-Japanese and independence activists

    8. Japanese Occupation Independence Movements Independence Movements in Exile US Based: Syngman Rhee Raised money in US to support Korean independence Based in Hawaii Lobbied among US leaders to support Korea Heavy Methodist support

    9. Japanese Occupation Independence Movements Independence Movements in Exile: cont. China and Soviet Based: Kim Il Sung Studied Marxism/Leninism Engaged in Anti-Japanese gorilla attacks Mobilized for Russian and then Soviet and Chinese support for Korean independence

    10. Occupation Repression under Japan READ: When my Name was Keoko Japanese Language Japanese Names Japanese Education Forced labor and military service “Comfort Women”

    11. Occupation “Comfort Women”

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