1 / 21

Naming Hydrocarbons

Naming Hydrocarbons. Carbon to hydrogen ratios. Vocabulary. Hydrocarbon- a molecule that contains only hydrogen and oxygen bonds. A hydrocarbon is a special binary molecular compound. Alkane- A hydrocarbon that is saturated.

keith
Download Presentation

Naming Hydrocarbons

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Naming Hydrocarbons Carbon to hydrogen ratios

  2. Vocabulary • Hydrocarbon- a molecule that contains only hydrogen and oxygen bonds. A hydrocarbon is a special binary molecular compound. • Alkane- A hydrocarbon that is saturated. • Saturated-when a hydrocarbon contains the maximum number of hydrogens.

  3. Pattern recognition (easy) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • 2 • 4 • 6 • 8 • ??

  4. Pattern recognition (easy) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • 2 • 4 • 6 • 8 • 10

  5. Pattern recognition (medium) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • 1 • 4 • 9 • 16 • 25 • ??

  6. Pattern recognition (medium) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • 1 • 4 • 9 • 16 • 25 • 36 (6 squared)

  7. Pattern recognition (tricky) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • x+10y • 2x+8y • 3x+6y • 4x+4y • ??

  8. Pattern recognition (tricky) • Look at the numbers below. Find the pattern in your group. Predict the final number. • x+10y • 2x+8y • 3x+6y • 4x+4y • 5x+2y

  9. Do you notice a pattern? • CH • C2H4 • C3H9 • C4H16 • C5H25 • C6H36 • C7H49 • C8H64 • C10H? • Can you come up with a math mathematical equation that relates the number of carbons to the number of hydrogens? • CxH? • What is the relationship between carbon and hydrogen?

  10. Do you notice a pattern? • CH • C2H4 • C3H9 • C4H16 • C5H25 • C6H36 • C7H49 • C8H64 • C10H? • Can you come up with a math mathematical equation that relates the number of carbons to the number of hydrogens? • CxHx^2 • The ? = x2

  11. Do you notice a pattern? • CH4 • C2H6 • C3H8 • C4H10 • C5H12 • C6H14 • C7H16 • C8H18 • C10H? • Can you come up with a mathematical relationship between the number of carbons and the number of hydrogens? • C20H? • C83H?

  12. Do you notice a pattern? • CH4 • C2H6 • C3H8 • C4H10 • C5H12 • C6H14 • C7H16 • C8H18 • C10H22 • Can you come up with a mathematical relationship between the number of carbons and the number of hydrogens? • C20H42 • C83H168

  13. Alkanes • In an alkane the number of hydrogens is twice that of the carbons plus two. • Recall • CH4 • C2H6 • C3H8 • C4H10 • Note: if you double the number of carbons and then add two you get the number of hydrogens.

  14. Naming alkanes • Since the number of hydrogens depends on the number of carbons, alkanes are named by the number of carbons present. See right. Just like with binary molecular, a prefix system is used.

  15. Naming alkanes • When ever you wish to name an alkane (or any hydrocarbon for that matter) you must first look at the number of carbons present. • The number of carbons present ALWAYS tells you what prefix to use • Examples • CH4 is METHane • C5H12 is PENTane • C7H16 is HEPTane • CxH2x+2 Note: all alkanes end in “ane”

  16. Practice • Go back to the website and practice the first two html file: “Name to formula, alkanes” and “Formula to names, alkanes”. • Since there are only ten alkanes that with prefixes that I want you to memorize, this is a very easy skill and as such shouldn’t take you long. • Once you’ve mastered this skill complete this PowerPoint.

  17. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes • The good news is you don’t need to memorize anymore prefixes. The ones to the right are all you need. • The bad news is you are going to need to do just a little math.

  18. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes • As with alkanes, the number of carbons dictates the prefix. However, alkenes and alkynes have different numbers of hydrogens. • Propane = C3H8 (CxH2x+2) • Propene = C3H6 (CxH2x) • If a hydrocarbon has exactly twice as many hydrogens as it does carbons then it is an “alkene”. Note: the last three letters are all that changes.

  19. Alkenes vs. alkynes • With an alkyne the number of hydrogens is double the number of carbons minus two. • CxHx-2 • Propyne = C3H4 • Whenever confronted with a compound made up of ONLY carbon and hydrogen, always compare the number of hydrogens and carbons.

  20. Which hydrocarbon am I??? • Alkane: If your number of hydrogens is two more than twice the number of carbons you’re an alkane.(e.g. C4H10, C8H18) • Alkene: If your number of hydrogens is exactly twice the number of carbons you’re an alkene.(e.g. C4H8, C8H16) • Alkyne: If your number of hydrogens is two LESS than twice the number of carbons you’re an alkyne.(e.g. C4H6, C8H14)

  21. Practice • I know that we were light on the examples with the alkene and alkynes. • Work on the hydrocarbon scramble practice html file. There will be additional help buttons if you can’t figure it out.

More Related