Modes of CAI

1. Modes of CAI Dr. Ennis-Cole CECS 5020

2. Designing Lesson Sequences 1. Fixed Lesson Sequences 2. Avoid Unnecessary Information 3. Review Past Information

3. Creating Instructional Sequences Tutorials Drill & Practice Instructional Games Simulations Hybrid Designs

4. Modes and Designs of CAI • Tutorials • Present New information, skills, or concepts • Self-Contained • Verification and Reinforcement • Well-Defined Objectives • Appropriate Feedback • Direct Students, Guide Responses • Expectations Stated Early

5. Advantages of Tutorials Factual Information, Simple Discriminations, Rules, Applications of Rules, Learners Pace Themselves

6. Limitations of Tutorials • 1. Design Time • 2. Difficulty Teaching High-Ordered Skills • 3. Duplication of Instruction • 4. Complexity and Practicality

7. Drill & Practice Advantages • Practice well-defined Skills • Offer Immediate Feedback • Avoid Unchecked Error Responses • Clear Directions • Assume Basic Information was Taught Elsewhere • Minimize Unrelated Narrative and Procedural complexity

8. Limitations of Drill & Practice • 1. Electronic Flash Cards, Responses only • 2. Process Remains Uncovered • 3. Limited Potential • 4. Additional Student Guidance

9. Advantages of Simulations • 1. Alternative Teaching Systems • 2. Cause-and-Effect Relationships can be Studied, Thinking, Evaluation • 3. Eliminate Danger, difficulty • 4. Scenarios, High-fidelity images, Believable Circumstances • 5. Emphasis on Processes, Procedures

10. Disadvantages of Simulations • Problem Sophistication • Cost Issues • Lesson Design

11. Instructional Games • Advantages: • Competition, Develop, Reinforce, and refine aspects of learning • Well understood, Provides explicit guidelines and participatory rules • Attractive and motivational

12. Instructional Games • Disadvantages: • Entertainment Value • Incongruent Reward Structure for Incorrect Answers • Minimal Incidental Learning • Excessive Use of Computing Power

13. The End • “That’s all folks...”