Scientific Investigation

1. Scientific Investigation

2. Scientific Method • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • ______________ • ______________

3. 1.Observation • What is an observation? • Is this an observation…..He is sleeping in class because he stayed up all night talking on instant messenger. _______ 1

4. Inference • When you infer you form a conclusion based upon __________, and prior ____________. • Observations are thosethings you notice about your surroundings basedon something you _______, ______________________ _____________________. http://questgarden.com/120/25/4/110228114848/images/5%20senses%20shadow.jpg

5. 2.Define Problem • The scientific method uses logic like the logic used for a puzzle. • You must clearly __________and understand the problem. 7 3 ______ • 10 21 ________ • be determined

6. 3. Collect Information • This is important because this information is used to make an _________________. • It is important to read and collect information carefully.

7. 4. Hypothesis • A ____________explanation of an observation • What do you think is going to happen? • It shows a cause and effect relationship by using an ________________________ • If you speed then you will get a ticket.

8. 5. Experiment • An ____________ procedure that produces _________________ (data) • A procedure is a step by step _____________one follows. • When you experiment you do many different __________. • Trials are repetitions of tests that are done in an experiment.

9. 6. Analyze • When you analyze you organize data, look for _______, _________data with _________. • This data can be qualitative or quantitative.

10. The data is in ______. We really do not understand the values unless we use judgment and look at the assumptions that underlie the information. This data is like a hierarchy. It rates which is ________and worst. Please answer the following question.The information covered in this PowerPoint is boring.Strongly disagreeDisagreeNeutralAgreeStrongly agree Qualitative

11. Quantitative • Data is expressed by a quantity using ________________.

12. 7. Conclusion • Did you answer the question? • Does the conclusion ____________ your hypothesis? • If the conclusion does not support your hypothesis you need to try out different hypotheses to figure out the question.

13. Experimental Design http://blogs.plos.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Apler-Experimental-design-480.jpg

14. Independent Variable • Manipulated or independent • This is the variable ______ change. • In an experiment there is only _______ independent variable. • As a scientist changes the independent variable, he or she observes what happens. http://scienceprojectideasforkids.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/plant-vs-light.jpg

15. Responding or dependent This is the condition that _______to change that is made to the independent variable. It is _______by and depends on the value of the independent variable. Dependent Variable http://www.social-science.co.uk/images/content_images/variables.jpg

16. How are the Variables Graphed?

17. According to the graph- • The independent variable is- • The dependent variable is-

18. Constants • These items remain the __________. They do not change. • For example, if we tested the effects of fertilizer on plant growth the only thing we can change is ___________. • Our constants would be sunlight, amount of water, soil, type of pot constants

19. Experimental Group The group in the experiment that has the ___________variable being tested. Control Group The group that does not have the tested independent variable. Groups The effects of caffeine on students. Experimental Group: Students who are given different amounts of caffeine Control Group: Students who _______ receive caffeine

20. Theory • Theories are general principles supported by substantial evidence. • Theories _________inferences and observations.

21. Laws • ____________natural relationships • Often expressed in math terms http://www.digitalwavetheory.com/DWT/22_Classical_Gravity_files/Picture%2014.jpg

22. Hypothesis: If the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is increased, then the height of the corn increases. Which of these is the independent (manipulated) variable for an experiment testing this hypothesis? A. The height of the corn in each experimental group B. The number of corn plants in the experimental groups C. The size of the experimental groups D. The amount of fertilizer added to each experimental group

23. A student wishes to test the hypothesis that adding antifreeze to water lowers the freezing point of the water. What would be the dependent (responding) variable? A. Amount of water put into a container B. Amount of antifreeze added to the water C. Temperature at which the water/antifreeze mixture freezes D. Type of thermometer used to measure the freezing point

24. A student predicts that more sugar will dissolve in warm water than in cold water. She puts some water in a container, adds sugar, and then stirs. The amount of un-dissolved sugar is then observed. When this student repeats the experiment to verify her prediction, the only thing that should change is the —  A. amount of water used B. temperature of the water C. amount of sugar used D. amount of time stirring