1 / 10

INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS) (ICH)

INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS) (ICH). Infectious canine hepatitis is a worldwide, contagious disease of dogs with signs that vary from a slight fever and congestion of the mucous membranes to severe depression, severe reduction in white blood cells , and deficiency of blood clotting.

Download Presentation

INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS) (ICH)

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. INFECTIOUS CANINE HEPATITIS) (ICH)

  2. Infectious canine hepatitis is a worldwide, contagious disease of dogs with signs that vary from a slight fever and congestion of the mucous membranes to severe depression, severe reduction in white blood cells, and deficiency of blood clotting. • In recent years, the disease has become uncommon in areas where routine vaccination is used.

  3. Etiology and Pathogenesis • ICH is caused by a DNA virus, canine adenovirus 1(CAV-1), which is antigenically related only to CAV-2 (one of the causes of infectious canine tracheobronchitis (kennel cough) • Consumption of urine, feces, or saliva from infected dogs is the most common route of infection. • Recovered dogs shed virus in their urine for at least 6 months. The virus targets the liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs, though other organs are occasionally involved. • Long-term kidney damage and clouding of the cornea of the eye (“blue eye”) result from immune-complex reactions after recovery from the disease.

  4. Clinical Findings • Signs vary from a slight fever to death. • The mortality rate is highest in very young dogs. • The first sign is a fever higher than 104°F (40°C), which lasts 1 to 6 days and usually occurs in 2 stages. If the fever is of short duration,a low white blood cell count may be the only other sign. If the fever lasts for more than 1 day, other signs of illness, such as an increased heart rate, develop. • On the day after the initial temperature rise, the white blood cell count drops and stays low throughout the feverish period. • The severity of the fever seems to relate to the severity of the infection.

  5. Other signs of infection include apathy, loss of appetite, thirst, inflammation of the eyes, and a watery discharge from the eyes and nose. • Occasionally there may be abdominal pain and vomiting. • The nose and mouth may be reddened or covered with small bruises. • Enlarged tonsils and swelling of the head, neck, and trunk may occur. • It may be difficult to get an infected dog’s blood to clot. • Respiratory signs may be seen in a few dogs with infectious canine hepatitis

  6. Although central nervous system involvement is unusual, severely infected dogs may develop convulsions from brain damage. • Slight paralysis, caused by bleeding in the brain, may also occur. • After recovery, dogs eat well but regain weight slowly.

  7. Diagnosis • Usually, the abrupt onset and bleeding suggest a diagnosis of infectious canine hepatitis, but laboratory tests are needed for confirmation. • Postmortem gross changes in the liver and gall bladder are more conclusive and diagnosis is confirmed by virus isolation, immunofluorescence, • characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the liver.

  8. Treatment • Treatment is symptomatic and supportive • The purpose is limit secondary bacterial invasion, support fluid balance, and control hemorrhagic tendencies • Because of blood loss, Plasma or whole • blood transfusions may be necessary to treat • severely ill dogs. • In addition, intravenous electrolyte • solutions With 5% dextrose supplementation • are indicated. • The veterinarian will likely recommend • treatment with a broad--spectrum antibiotic.

  9. Although the clouding of the • Cornea of the eye • (transient corneal opacity) • usually requires no treatment, • an eye Ointment to alleviate the • painful spasm that is sometimes • associated with it. • Dogs with corneal clouding • should be protected against bright light. • Systemic corticosteroids are contraindicated for the treatment of corneal opacity associated with ICH

  10. Prevention • Modified live virus vaccine (MLV) injectable vaccines are available and often combined with other vaccines. • Vaccination against ICH is recommended at the time of Canine distemper vaccinations. • Maternal antibody from immune bitches interferes with active immunization in puppies until they are 9-12 weeks old. • Annual revaccination against infectious canine hepatitis is often recommended.

More Related