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"When at last we got to the island where we had left the rest of our ships, we found our comrades lamenting us, and anxiously awaiting our return.” The Greek war hero had taken 10 years to return. Which epic tells the story of his journey home? 6.56 Hammurabi's Code
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"When at last we got to the island where we had left the rest of our ships, we found our comrades lamenting us, and anxiously awaiting our return.” • The Greek war hero had taken 10 years to return. • Which epic tells the story of his journey home? 6.56 • Hammurabi's Code • Odyssey • Iliad • Epic of Gilgamesh Wonderful Wednesday to you!
On your bell work paper, write 3 things you know about Greek mythology.
10.1 Beliefspp. 270-272 • Essential Question: • What makes the Greek’s culture unique?
Myths Traditional stories about gods and heroes. Used in Greek religion. Explains a culture’s beliefs or nature
Myths • Traditional stories about gods and the celebrating of heroes. • Explains a culture’s beliefs • They were a part of the religion • Today, we study the myths to try to understand the way of life in ancient times, and why the ancients did the things they did
Who were the Greek gods? • Pp. 270-271 • BEFORE the gods and goddesses… • The Greeks believed the Titans existed before the gods of Olympia. • The Titans were the children of Gaia (mother earth) and Uranus. • One of their children was Cronos. • The Greeks believed Cronos fathered the gods. • Afraid they would take the Titan’s power, Cronos ate all of his children except Zeus. Zeus killed Cronos and freed his siblings. Statue of Cronos
Who were the Greek Gods? Greeks believed in many gods and goddesses - polytheistic • gods were not all-powerful • gods marry and have children • 12 most important gods and goddesses lived on Mt. Olympus
Zeus Zeus is the king of all the gods. He divided up the world with his brothers, Hades and Poseidon. Zeus becomes ruler of the sky and earth. Zeus has many children all of whom have powers. However, Zeus has more powers than anyone else.
Hades Hades is the lord of the dead in the Underworld. He’s so scary that people would not even say his name. Guests in the underworld are greeted by his three-headed dog. His brother, Zeus tricked the beautiful Persephone into marrying Hades. Her mother, Demeter, goddess of agriculture, makes a deal with Hades so Persephone only has to stay with Hades for part of the year causing winter weather.
Poseidon Poseidon was god of the sea and brother to Zeus and Hades. In Homer’s famous Odyssey he punishes Odysseus because Odysseus blinded his son the Cyclops. He is able to cause storms with the use of his trident, 3 pronged spear. Earthquakes are believed to be caused by his wrath as well.
Hephaestus Hephaestus is the god of metalworking and is married to the unfaithful Aphrodite. He forges all the weapons for the gods. He works beneath the Earth’s surface. His smashing of steel into molten lava creates earthquakes and volcanoes
Athena Athena is the firstborn and favorite child of Zeus. She is known as the goddess of wisdom. According to the myth, she busts out of his head fully grown and dressed for battle. She often uses her intelligence to rescue Greek heroes. She is the protectress of the city, Athens and has the Parthenon built for her as a temple.
Apollo Apollo is god of the sun and twin to Artemis. His daily task is to drive the sun across the sky. During the Trojan War he helps the Trojans and helps kill legendary Greek warrior, Achilles.
Ares Ares is known as the god of war, not for his skill but because he liked all the violence. His parents were Zeus and Hera. He is father to the twins, Remus and Romulus. Romulus will eventually become the 1st king of Rome.
Artemis Artemis is the goddess of the moon and hunting. Artemis, being a female, would seek revenge if she felt someone wronged her.
Hera Hera was married to Zeus and is therefore queen of the gods. Most of her time is spent causing trouble for all of her husband’s girlfriends and their children. She is most famous for trying to destroy Hercules. Her sacred animal is the peacock.
Aphrodite Aphrodite is the goddess of love and beauty. She plays a part in starting the Trojan War. In order to win a beauty contest she bribes Paris with the most beautiful woman in the human world, Helen. When she runs away with Paris the Greeks go after her and thus begins the war.
Each city-state chose a god or goddess as its protector. • Which god or goddess did Athens choose as its protector? • Which god or goddess did Sparta choose as its protector?
The ancient Greeks believed the gods and goddesses controlled nature. Apollo’s chariot pulls the sun across the sky each day Poseidon causing major storms for sea travelers
Rituals p. 271-272
Oracles • Sacred shrine where a priest or priestess spoke for a god. • Prophecy - Predict the future. • Oracle at the Temple of Apollo at Delphi was the most famous of oracles
This site at the temple complex at Delphi was thought by ancient Greeks to be the center of the world. Facts About the Oracle: • The site of Delphi dates back to 1500 B.C. It was one of the most important shrines in ancient Greece. • People came from all over Greece to meet with the Pythia. The Pythia was the priestess who served as the oracle at the Temple of Apollo. The Pythia told the future or interpreted the will of the gods. Once a Pythia died, a new one would be appointed by the temple priestesses to replace her. • Often the Pythia’s answers were vague and mysterious. Sometimes they had to be interpreted by others at the temple so that they could be understood by visitors. • Some scholars believe that there was a scientific reason for the Pythia’s trance-like state, visions, and mysterious advice. The Pythia’s chamber was deep in the temple complex, and had an opening in the floor. Volcanic gases often steamed into the room. These gases may have affected the Pythia’s state of mind. • The Pythia had remarkable power, which was unusual for women in ancient Greece. She advised powerful figures on important decisions, including state matters of war and peace. In Homer’s epic The Odyssey, the main character, King Agamemnon, asks the oracle how he should proceed in his war against Troy.
