Days 3 and 4

1. Days 3 and 4

2. Graphic Organizer • Using the yellow paper, make a 4-door foldable Leave the 4 doors blank On the inside, draw a line in the creases on the Uncut part of the page

3. WHEAT CLOVER TURNIPS BARLEY

4. Draw/color • On each of the 4 doors, draw and color the appropriate crop. • Draw arrows to show the Rotation cycle • Label each crop correctly

5. Enclosure Movement • In England, beginning in 15th-16th centuries, landlords began reorganizing common lands • Changed the whole structure of farming village • Wealthy landlords fenced in common fields, claimed them as private property • Wool had become profitable industry, landlords converted common fields into sheep-raising fields • Increased wealth of landlords but further impoverished peasant communities • 1516 Thomas More wrote Utopia as a response to the landlords’ greed

6. Crop Rotation • Enclosure created “scientific farming” • Landlords now had unified control over the fields • Experiment new techniques to increase productivity • Farmers realized that by planting different types of crops, they didn’t need to leave land fallow • New crops = clover, alfalfa, pod-bearing plants (peas) and turnips • These crops didn’t deplete the soil the way grains did • New plants improved soil by giving off nitrogen and making soil more porous • Improved soil = increased fertility of the fields

7. Other Discoveries • JethroTull, an English farmer, invented the seed drill • Implanted seeds into soil at constant intervals • Effect = amount of seed needed to sow a field was reduced by 80%, from 10 pounds an acre to 2 pounds an acre • New crops from the New World • Maize (corn) – yielded 20x more seeds than avg grain • Potato – could grow anywhere, even poor soil • Planting clover, etc created healthier animals = more manure = more fertilizer = higher crop yields = more food for livestock = repeat • After centuries of high death rates from disease and starvation during famine, Europe’s population began to increase

8. Effects of Agricultural Revolution • Shifted balance of power • After EM, peasants and poor farmers lost their • Voice (in decision making) • Livelihood (had to become poor wage laborers) • Homes, lived in shoddy structures, had too little to eat, drank too much and were susceptible to diseases (small pox) • Wealthy landlords gained: • Sole control of the land • Reaped huge profits from improved techniques • Moved into cities, built factoriesand built tremendous wealth and developed trade with mainland Europe and the colonies in America • Improved farming techniques augmented the food supply and provided a safety net during famine • Under these prosperous conditions, England gained enough $$ to finance the Industrial Revolution

9. Nothing occurs in a vacuum; the Agricultural Revolution took place in Great Britain due to very specific circumstances. Create a Cause and Effect Poster that shows at least 5 causes of the Agricultural Revolution on the left, and at least 5 effects of the Agricultural Revolution on the Right. Include a visual for each element. Each cause or effect listed is 5 points, each visual is 5 points. 50 points possible for causes/ 50 points possible for effects, for a total of 100 points. A G R I C U L T U R A L R E V O L U T I O N