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The French Revolution 1789

The French Revolution 1789. Four phases of the French Revolution. 1. “ Liberal ” Phase (1789-1791) 2. “ Radical ” Phase (1792-1794) 3. Directory Rule (1795-1799) 4. Napoleonic Era (1799-1815). Pre-Revolutionary France (up to 1789). Why did revolution break out in 1789?

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The French Revolution 1789

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  1. The French Revolution1789

  2. Four phases of the French Revolution 1. “Liberal” Phase (1789-1791) 2. “Radical” Phase (1792-1794) 3. Directory Rule (1795-1799) 4. Napoleonic Era (1799-1815)

  3. Pre-Revolutionary France (up to 1789) Why did revolution break out in 1789? What were the causes of the French Revolution?

  4. #1: The French Monarchy (1774-1793) Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

  5. Marie Antoinette and the Royal Children

  6. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

  7. Marie Antoinette’s “Peasant Cottage”

  8. “Madame Deficit” “The Austrian Whore” Let them eat cake!

  9. #2: An Outdated Social Structure Legal division into 3 orders, or estates: • First Estate: Clergy • Second Estate: Nobility • Third Estate: Commoners (bourgeoisie & peasants)

  10. Inequitable Distribution of Land

  11. “The People under the Old Regime”

  12. #3: Enlightenment Ideas Classical Liberalism: Liberty Equality

  13. Liberty A call for: • individual human rights • a new kind of government

  14. “no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions” John Locke (1632-1704)

  15. “When the legislative and executive powers are united in the same person, or in the same body of magistrates, there can be no liberty; because apprehensions may arise, lest the same monarch or senate should enact tyrannical laws, to execute them in a tyrannical manner.” Montesquieu (1689-1755)

  16. Equality All citizens should have equal rights and liberties, except: • women excluded • economic equality excluded

  17. Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) right to “Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness”

  18. #4: Model of the American Revolution The Boston Tea Party, 1773

  19. The Declaration of IndependenceJuly 4, 1776

  20. #5: Financial Problems French Budget, 1774

  21. Where is the tax money?

  22. Phase 1:The “Liberal” Phase (1789-1791)

  23. Convening of the Estates GeneralMay 1789 Last time it was called into session was 1614!!

  24. The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates 1 1st Estate – Clergy 2nd Estate – Aristocracy 1 1 3rd Estate – Commoners

  25. The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head! 300 1st Estate – Clergy 2nd Estate – Aristocracy 300 648 3rd Estate – Commoners

  26. “The Third Estate Awakens” June 17, 1789 – Formation of the National Assembly

  27. “The Tennis Courth Oath”by Jacques Louis David June 20, 1789

  28. Storming the BastilleJuly 14, 1789

  29. Revolutionary Paris, 1789

  30. The French Urban Poor

  31. The Great Fear: Peasant Revolt July 20, 1789

  32. March of the WomenOctober 5-6, 1789 We want the baker, the baker’s wife and the baker’s boy!

  33. National Assembly1789-1791 August Decrees (August 4-11, 1789) Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité!

  34. The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen August 26, 1789 “Men are born free and remain free and equal in rights.” (…but NOT of Woman)

  35. The Tricolor, 1789 The WHITE of the Bourbons + the RED and BLUE of Paris

  36. 83 Revolutionary DepartmentsFebruary 26, 1790

  37. Civil Constitution of the ClergyJuly 12, 1790 • national church • clergy elected • oath of allegiance

  38. Assignats They were backed by the sale of Church lands.

  39. Louis XVI “accepts” the constitution and National Assembly, September 1791 absolute monarchy ↓ constitutional monarchy (CONSTITUTION #1)

  40. French Constitution of 1791:A Constitutional Monarchy • the king got the “suspensive” veto (prevented passage of laws for 4 years) • he could not pass laws • his ministers were responsible for their own actions • a permanent, elected, single chamber Legislative Assembly • had the power to grant taxation • an independent judiciary

  41. A foreshadowing of events to come…. While the revolutionaries seemingly got off to a good start…

  42. Phase 2:The “Radical” Phase (1792-1794)

  43. Attitudes & actions of monarchy& court Fear ofCounter-Revolution Religiousdivisions The Causes of Instability in France1792 - 1795 Politicaldivisions EconomicCrises War

  44. Royal family attempted to flee France June 1791 Marie Antoinette risks her body to save her son, the crown prince.

  45. War (1792-1815) • European monarchs feared spread of revolution (émigrés spread rumors) ↓ offered help to French monarchy ↓ French revolutionaries declared war • 1792 – Austria & Prussia (“First Coalition”) • 1793 – Britain, Holland, Spain

  46. The Storming of the TuilieresAugust 10, 1792 Royal family imprisoned.

  47. National Convention (1792-1795) • replaced Legislative Assembly • elected by universal male suffrage • legislative branch of the new republic

  48. The September Massacres, 1792 Over 1,000 Parisians killed!

  49. “second revolution”: constitutional monarchy ↓ republic (CONSTITUTION #2) The First French Republic (1792-1795)

  50. New pop culture:The Tricolor is the Fashion!

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