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The Crusades

The Crusades . The Crusades . were military expeditions funded by the Catholic Church to regain the Holy lands from Muslim control. From the 11 th -13 th centuries, European Christians tried to capture the Holy lands (including the city of Jerusalem) from the Muslims.

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The Crusades

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  1. The Crusades

  2. The Crusades • were military expeditions funded by the Catholic Church to regain the Holy lands from Muslim control. • From the 11th-13th centuries, • European Christians tried to capture the Holy lands (including the city of Jerusalem) from the Muslims. • They started with Urban II urging Christians to take up arms in a Holy War.

  3. 1st Crusades • The 1st Crusade had an army of 7000 cavalry & 10,000 infantry. They reached Jerusalem in 1099. They were able to take the city and massacred 1000’s of inhabitants. • In the 1140’s the Muslims struck back. • One of the Latin Crusader states that were formed at the end of the 1st Crusade was attacked and fell to Muslim control.

  4. 2nd Crusades • In an attempt to regain it King Louis VII of France and Emperor Conrad III of Germany launched the second Crusade. • It failed…

  5. 3rd (king’s Crusade) • In 1187, Jerusalem falls to the Muslims . • Three Christian rulers agreed to lead the • Emperor Fredrick Barbarossa of Germany, • Richard I (Rich. The Lionhearted) of England, • & Philip II Augustus of France. • It too failed to recapture Jerusalem; nevertheless, • Saladin agreed to allow Christian pilgrims access to the city.

  6. 4th Crusade • After Saladin died in 1193, Pope Innocent III started the 4th Crusade. • The Venetian leaders (Italian) of the 4th Crusade used this opportunity to weaken their biggest commercial competitor, the Byzantine Empire. • In 1204 they sacked Constantinople. • But the Byzantines recaptured it in 1261. • Failed

  7. 5th and 6th the Children's Crusade • As a final attempt at the Crusades, there were two “children’s crusades”. But both never reached the Holy lands. • Failed

  8. Effects of the Crusades: • 1) they benefited some Italian cities economically, • 2) widespread attacks on Jewish people began to take place, • 3) Politically they eventually helped to break down Feudalism & led to strong nation-states.

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