Bellwork : Answer the following questions on your notecard

1. Bellwork: Answer the following questions on your notecard • How do you learn best in this class? • What are your favorite ways to learn? (list 2) • What are your least favorite ways to learn? • What can you as a student do to increase your learning? • What can I as your teacher do to increase your learning? • Any comments about the class?

2. Bellwork 3/7/13 What do you know about the Greeks?

3. Classical Greece

4. Essential Terms • Greece • Mycenaean • Homer • Trojan War - Details

5. Geography Shapes Greek Life • Mountainous peninsula jutting into the Mediterranean Sea. • Sea was important part of their culture. • Many natural resources – timber, metals, fertile soil. • Mountains divided land into regions. • Beautiful weather.

6. The Myceneans • Early Greek peoples. • Indo-Europeans who migrated to Greece. • Lived in southern Greece in a fortified city. • Began sailing and connecting to other parts of the globe. The Lady of Mycenaean Fresco

7. Homer • A blind storyteller who lived 750-700 B.C. • The Iliad: An epic poem that explains 2 months of the 10 year Trojan War. • The Odyssey: Another poem that picks up after the Trojan War.

8. The Trojan War

9. Pair and Share!What do these stories tell us about Greek culture?

10. What do These Stories Tell us About Greek Culture? • Value of Warriors • Importance of Greek Gods. • Fickleness of Greek Gods. • Heroism and honor • Value of Beauty!

11. Read the paragraph entitled “Greeks Create Myths” on pg. 126 and answer the following questions. 1. Define the word “Myth.” 2. Name the two sources of most Greek Mythology. 3. What were the Greeks trying to understand through their myths? (2 things) 4. List two human qualities that the gods had. 5. List all of the gods mentioned in the paragraph and their position.

12. Bellwork 3/8/13 True/False 1. Homer was a blind storyteller. 2. The Mycenaean’s were from India. 3. Zeus was a powerful warrior who fought in the Trojan War. 4. The Iliad and the Odyssey are two famous stories written by Homer. 5. Greece sticks out into the Black Sea.

13. Extended Bellwork 3/12/13 (1st block) • Why were the Greek city-states isolated from each other? • Explain the fate of most women in Greece? • What city state was known for military-style education? • What is the most likely explanation for the visions the famous Oracle of Delphi would see? • When was the first recorded Olympic games? • Who are the top three Greek philosophers? • What did Pythagoras come up with? • What were the Greeks trying to show with their art? • List two ways that Greek culture influences us today?

14. Bellwork 3/12/13

15. Essential Terms • Philosophy • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • Hippocrates • Aristarchus

16. Philosophy • Seeking answers to life’s biggest questions. • “lovers of wisdom”

17. Socrates • Philosophy: Questioning! (Socratic Method) • Conflict: Was charged with “corrupting the youths” and “not honoring the gods.” • Death: was sentenced to drink hemlock poison. “There is only one good, knowledge, and only one evil, ignorance”

18. Plato • Early life: born into a wealthy family. Was a wrestler and poet before being a philosopher. • Philosophy: Wrote the book “Republic” arguing that the wealthy should be in charge and democracy was a BAD idea. • Crisis: was a student of Socrates and tried to help him escape Athens, but Socrates said no. • Legacy: founded a school in Athens.

19. Aristotle • Early life: A brilliant student at Plato’s academy. Disagreed with Plato’s views. • Philosophy: Thought you could understand the world through SCIENCE! • Conflict: Left Plato’s academy and tutored a kid named Alexander. Later, he and Alexander had a fall-out. • Legacy: Came up with the Scientific Method. A genius who did a little of everything.

20. Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) “Father of Medicine” Based his medical practice on observations and on the study of the human body Believed that illness had a physical and a rational explanation Rejected the views of his time that considered illness to be caused by superstitions and by possession of evil spirits and disfavor of the gods Wrote the Hippocratic Oath, which doctors still say today.

21. Aristarchus • Astronomer who argued that the earth revolved around the sun. • Also thought the universe was big! • No one believed him until 1000s of years later.

22. Why Does It Matter? • Socratic Method is still used in colleges today. • The Republic dominated European thought for 1500 years. • Aristotle’s experiments were the authority on science for 1000 years. • Aristotle’s scientific method is still used in science today. • Hippocratic Oath is still sworn by doctors today.

23. Bellwork 3/12/13 1. What is the Socratic Method? 2. What was Hippocrates known for? 3. Who came up with the scientific method? 4. Who wrote the book “Republic”? 5. What does the “Republic” argue? 6. Which of the philosophers is considered a genius who did a little of everything?

24. Bellwork 3/14/13 • The Persian Wars were a fight between the __________ and the _________. • The largest empire in the world at the time was ________. • What event insulted Persia and caused them to seek revenge of Athens? • Who won the Battle of Marathon? • At Thermopylae, what gave the Greeks an advantage over the Persians? • What finally allowed the Persians to get an upper hand? • What famous naval battle took place a few miles southwest of Athens and resulted in a major Greek victory?

25. Bellwork 3/15/13 • What is the Arab Spring? • What were the people in the Arab Spring fighting for? • What is a dictator? • Why doesn’t America have a dictator? • What type of Government does America have?

26. Essential Terms: Governments of Greek City-States. • Essential Terms • Polis • Monarchy • Hereditary • Oligarchy • Democracy

27. 500 B.C. – Greece is a collection of City-States • Polis = a Greek City-State • 700 Polis’ in Greece • The largest city-states were Athens, Corinth, Thebes, and Sparta. Athens, Greece Ruins of Sparta

29. Governments of City States Athens, Greece

30. Monarchy • State is ruled by a King • Rule is hereditary • Some rulers claim divine right (God gives them power) • Practiced in Mycenae by 2000 B.C.

31. Oligarchy • A government ruled by a few powerful people. • Rule is based on wealth or ability. • Practiced in Sparta.

32. Democracy • State is ruled by its citizens • Rule is based on citizenship. • Decisions made by voting – majority wins. • Relies on group participation. • Practiced in Athens by 500 B.C.

33. Differences in Democracy • Direct Democracy: A type of democracy where all citizens vote directly on every bill. • Representative Democracy: A type of democracy where all citizens vote on a PERSON to represent them in the government.

34. Create a graphic organizer showing the difference between a monarchy, oligarchy, and democracy.

35. Pair n Share! • How would these types of government effect everyday life for the people? • Go through each government and come up with 2 examples for each one. • Questions to get you thinking: • How would the people try to get favor with each of these types of governments? • How would the people influence government? • What types of freedom would people living in these environments have?

36. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each of these governments?

37. What type of conflicts would occur in oligarchies or monarchies?

38. Bellwork 3/8/12 (1st block) • Who was considered a citizen in Athens? • What three groups of people were excluded from citizenship? • What type of government allows the people to vote on every issue? • What type of government allows the people to vote on a person who will represent them? • What type of government has a king?

39. Bellwork 10/23/12 • A government that has a king is called a ____. • A government that is ruled by a small group is called a ______. • A government in which rule is based on wealth and ability is called ________. • A government where citizens are allowed to vote on issues is called _______. • The government that in Athens was _______.

40. Bellwork 3/8 (3rd block) • What man created a strict code of laws that treated everyone equally? • What man outlawed debt slavery in Athens? • What man gave the people of Athens more power by creating a new council? • What type of government allows the people to vote on every issue? • What type of government allows the people to vote on a person to represent them?

41. Essential Terms • Draco • Draco’s Code • Solon • Assembly • Cleisthenes • Council of 500

42. Early Athenian Democracy • Like many modern countries, Greek city-states often dealt with tension between the rich and the poor. Occupy Wall Street Protesters

43. Draco • An Athenian leader who began making reforms toward democracy. • Draco believed that all Athenians (both rich and poor) were EQUAL under the law!! • Wrote a law called • “Draco’s Code”

44. Draco’s Code • Equal punishments for everyone. • Dealt harshly with criminals – death was the punishment for almost every crime. • Upheld practices such as debt slavery.

45. Solon • A leader in Athens after Draco. • Outlawed debt slavery. • Organized 5 social classes based on wealth. • Only the top three classes could hold political offices – but the bottom two could participate in the assembly.

46. Cleisthenes • Organized citizens based on where they lived, not on wealth. • All citizens could submit laws for debate and passage in the Assembly. • Also created a ruling body called the Council of Five Hundred.

47. Council members were chosen by lot – randomly. • Only free male property owners were citizens. • Women, slaves and foreigners were excluded from citizenship.

48. Why is this important? • Draco, Solon, and Cleisthenes helped to lay the foundation of a democracy by making changes in the way the government ran. • Little by little, the people were getting more power!

49. Bellwork: 3/13/12 What are we studying in this unit? What type of government allows the citizens to vote on every issue? What type of government allows the citizens to vote on a person to represent them? Athens was known for having what type of government? What is a Polis? Give an example of 2 famous Polis’

50. Bellwork 10/22/12 • What happened to Spartan babies? • When were Spartan boys taken from their mothers? • Who was fighting at the Battle of Thermopolye? • Why were the Persians angry? • Why do we call a 26 mile race a Marathon?