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1. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-1 Chapter 8Multicomponent Homogeneous Nonreacting Systems: Solutions Notes on
Thermodynamics in Materials Science
by
Robert T. DeHoff
(McGraw-Hill, 1993).
2. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-2 Extensive Quantities of theState Functions: F/, G/, H/, S/, U/, V/ Using G/ as example:
3. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-3 Partial Molal Quantities of theState Functions: . Using as example:
4. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-4 Gibbs-Duhem Equation The contributions of the components sum to the whole:
5. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-5 Reference States: F/O, G/O, H/O, S/O, U/O, V/O T, S, V, P have absolute values.
F, G, H, U have relative values.
The difference in values between states is unique.
To compare values, use the same reference state.
Superscript O refers to the reference state.
6. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-6 Rule of Mixtures
7. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-7 Mixing Values for SolutionsDF/mix, DG/mix, DH/mix, DS/mix, DU/mix, DV/mix For solution: Gibbs free energy of mixing.
8. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-8 Mixing Values
9. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-9 Mixing values for SolutionsDF/mix, DG/mix, DH/mix, DS/mix, DU/mix, DV/mix Differential form:
10. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-10 Graphical Evaluation of Partial Molal Values Consider a binary system (alloy):
11. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-11 Derivation: Graphical Evaluationof Partial Molal Values
12. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-12 Integration of the Gibbs-Duhem Equation(s) For a binary system (alloy):
13. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-13 Molar Values of the State Functions Note:
14. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-14 Chemical Potential of (Open) Multicomponent Systems
15. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-15 Chemical Potential of (Open) Multicomponent Systems
16. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-16 Activities and Activity Coefficients Definition of activity, ak (dimensionless):
17. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-17 Ideal Solution No heat of mixing.
18. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-18 Ideal Solution
19. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-19 Ideal Solution All plots (e.g. DGmix vs. Xk) are symmetrical with composition.
Slopes of plots of DSmix, DFmix, DGmix are infinite at Xk =0 & Xk =1.
Entropy of mixing is independent of temperature.
20. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-20 Ideal SolutionActivity is the same as mole fraction. Activity coefficient is one.
21. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-21 Dilute Solutions:Raoult & Henrys Laws Raoults Law for the solvent in dilute solutions:
22. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-22 Real Solutions: Relation of Activity Coefficient to Free Energy Ideal partial molal free energy of mixing:
23. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-23 Regular Solution Heat of mixing is a function of composition, only.
24. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-24 Regular Solution
25. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-25 Regular Solution
26. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-26 Regular Solution
27. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-27 Regular Solution
28. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-28 Regular Solution
29. 09/19/2001 Notes from R.T. DeHoff, Thermodynamics in Materials Science (McGraw-Hill, 1993) 8-29 Problem 8.6 DeHoff