600 CE – 1450 CE

1. 600 CE – 1450 CE A New Civilization Emerges in Western Europe

2. Taking a Step Back… the Fall of Rome: • What was the impact of the fall of Rome on Western Europe? • What happened to the Eastern portion of the Roman Empire?

3. Charlemagne or Charles the Great: • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cTTaVnZyG2g&feature=related • Grandson of Charles Martel (Charles the Hammer & the Battle of Tours) • Built an Empire from the North Sea to the Mediterranean - included most of modern France, Germany, Holland, Switzerland and Northern Italy • Supported by the Pope & spread Christianity throughout conquered lands. • Founder of the Holy Roman Empire • Re-birth of education and learning in the dark ages

4. Nomadic Invaders: The Vikings • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2fc83VvUeE8&feature=related • Where did the Vikings come from? • What part of Europe did they first raid? • How did the “engineering” of the Viking longships make them more dangerous? Where could they sail (depth of waters)?

5. Feudalism: A political and economic system based on loyalty and military service.

6. Feudalism: • Where did feudalism originate? • What type of government would feudalism be and why?

7. Manorialism: An economic system based on self-sufficiency and little to no trade.

8. The Unifying Social and Political Factor in Medieval Europe • What major institution survived the fall of Rome? • What version of Christendom spread into Western Europe?

9. How was the Church a powerful institution in the Middle Ages? • Missionary activity • United the Germanic tribes of Western Europe with the help of Clovis and Charlemagne • Preserved learning as the major source of literacy • Performed basic social services (caring for sick/poor) • Significant political influence on rulers • How might the Pope’s status conflict with the growing power of kings?

10. Great Schism of 1054 • Divided or split the Christian Church into the Roman Catholic Church led by the pope in the West and the Orthodox Church led by the patriarch in the East.

11. Western vs. Eastern Christianity

12. Cross Cultural Connections: The Crusades • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X0zudTQelzI • Why did the Crusades begin? • How did Muslims in al-Andalus (Iberia/Spain) help return learning and culture to Europe? • Why were the Crusades significant?

13. Trade in Europe • Europe’s growing population needed goods that were not readily available to them. • As foreign invasions and feudal warfare declined, trade increased in a variety of areas. • Label the city of Novograd & Venice (city-state)

14. Europe and the Little Ice Age • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GoNHk_pJlRo • What were the effects of the Little Ice Age in Europe? • How did the Little Ice Age contribute to the decline of urban areas in this period? • What effect did the peasant rebellions have on government?

15. Europe & the Little Ice Age, Cont… • What other events throughout 600 – 1450 C.E. contributed to the fall of cities? Think! • What factors led to the revival of cities throughout the 600-1450 C.E. period? Think!

16. The Commercial Revolution & Economic Changes • The revival of trade led to a revolution in commerce. • As trade revived, merchants needed money to buy goods. The reintroduction of money led European merchants to develop new business practices, such as: • Setting up of banking houses (banks). • Joining together to set up partnerships. • Developing insurance. • Adopting bill of exchange and later checks. • Use of credit.

17. Hanseatic League • Commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns that dominated trade along the coast of Northern Europe. • Stretched from the Baltic Sea to the North Sea (and inland ) • Had own legal system and army

18. Social Changes • The Commercial Revolution not only transformed the medieval economy, it also reshaped medieval society. • The use of money undermined serfdom. Most peasants became tenant farmersor hired farm laborers. In towns, a new middle classof merchants, traders, and artisans emerged. • The Church forbade Christians from becoming moneylenders. Since Jews were barred from other professions, many took on this role. Jewish communities appeared in the Mediterranean.

19. Guilds • In medieval towns, merchants and artisans formed associations called guilds. • Merchant guilds appeared first. They dominated town life, passing laws, levying taxes, and making other important decisions. • A craft guild was made up of workers in a particular occupation. To prevent competition, only a certain number of people could work in any trade.

20. Medieval Architecture Gothic Romanesque

21. The Effect of the Black Plague • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rZy6XilXDZQ&feature=mfu_in_order&list=UL • Why did the Black Death spread? NOT fleas on rats!!! • What were the effects of the Black Death? • Bring Out Your Dead…Just Because…

22. Magna Cartaor the Great Charter, 1215 • King John I • Monarchs were not above the law. • Limited power of the king • Kings had to consult a council of advisors. • Kings could not tax arbitrarily. • Forced to sign by nobility • Originally defends rights of the nobility but gradually gave basic legal rights to the people

23. Power Shifts to the People • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRkmdpLgLiE&feature=related • How did the 100 Years War encourage the power of kings? • The monarchs in England and France were recognized as national leaders, increasing nationalism and decreasing the Church’s power; monarchs hired professional armies

24. End of the Hundred Years War • Cannons • Questioning Authority of the Church • Spread ideas from around the world with printing technology