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TSDM-12 Congress Source: NWC Faculty edited by Dr. Coty Keller

TSDM-12 Congress Source: NWC Faculty edited by Dr. Coty Keller. Leader Boss Staff Officer. Congress is important in all Military Decision-making. U.S. Elements. Global Elements. Policy Decision/Action. Law Society Culture. Sovereignty Int’l Law / Norms Religion Ideology Culture.

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TSDM-12 Congress Source: NWC Faculty edited by Dr. Coty Keller

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  1. TSDM-12 Congress Source: NWC Faculty edited by Dr. Coty Keller NWC/TSDM

  2. Leader Boss Staff Officer Congress is important in all Military Decision-making U.S. Elements Global Elements Policy Decision/Action Law Society Culture Sovereignty Int’l Law / Norms Religion Ideology Culture Authority/ Responsibility Mission Resources Congress Executive/ Interagency States Nations DoD Org. Behavior Culture Filters Joint Staff COCOMs Non-State Actors Process Op. Factors Structure Knowledge Individual Institutional Services IGOs Media State / Local NGOs Media Staff Environment Public Others Others Complex Interactions NWC/TSDM Dr. Coty Keller

  3. JMP Elements: • Authority • Mission • Structure • Process Congress and the Constitution Article I: All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States…

  4. Authority • Mission • Structure • Process Congress Shall…. • Represent • Legislating, Lawmaking • Tax & Spend • Declare War • Raise & Support Armies • Provide & Maintain a Navy • Oversight and Investigations • Propose Amendments to the U.S. Constitution • Advise and Consent (Senate) • Impeach and Remove Federal Officials • Make Laws as Necessary & Proper… NWC/TSDM

  5. House 435 members Based on population 2-year terms 25 years old, 7 year citizen Salary: $165,200+ Formal More Partisan • Authority • Mission • Structure • Process House-Senate Makeup • Senate • 100 members • 2 per state • 6-year terms • 30 years old, 9 year citizen • Salary: $165,200+ • Casual, “The Club” • Less Partisan NWC/TSDM

  6. Congressional Leaders House Speaker Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) John Boehner (R-OH) Majority Leader President Pro Tempore Daniel Inouye (D-HI) Eric Cantor (R-VA) Minority Leader Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) NWC/TSDM

  7. Knowledge Individual Institutional CONGRESSIONAL STAFF Personal Staff Professional Staff NWC/TSDM

  8. How a Bill Becomes a Law • Authority • Mission • Structure • Process • Products Bill Is Introduced in The Senate Bill Is Introduced in The House Speaker Parliamentarian Referred to Senate Committee Referred to House Committee Process Op. Factors Structure Referred to Subcommittee Referred to Subcommittee Changes Voted on by Full Committee Changes Voted on by Full Committee Rules Cmte Full Senate Debate and Vote Full House Debate and Vote Conference Committee Rules Cmte Senate Approves House Approves If the President signs the bill, it becomes public law

  9. America’s Love Hate Relationship with Congress ‘10 - 85% ‘10 - 84% NWC/TSDM

  10. CONGRESS AND THE MILITARY NWC/TSDM

  11. The Constitution Gives Congress the Authority to Regulate the Military • Article I, Section 7 – All Bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills. • Article I, Section 8 – The Congress shall have the power to... • provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States. • Declare War • To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money shall be for a longer Term than two Years • To provide and maintain a Navy • To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces • Provide for calling forth the Militia to execute laws of the Union, suppress insurrections and repel invasions • To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining the Militia • To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Constitution in the government of the United States or in any Department or Office thereof. NWC/TSDM

  12. Clash of Organizational Cultures “Congress does not understand the military well and the converse is also true.” Admiral William Crowe http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f0CprVYsG0k&feature=related NWC/TSDM

  13. Authority • Mission • Structure • Process Federal Budget Process & Products (No Military Programs are funded without Authorization & Appropriation Bills) • Budget Committees • House Budget Committee • Senate Budget Committee • Concurrent Budget Resolution • Authorization Committees • Senate Armed Services Committee • House Armed Services Committee • Defense Authorization Act • Appropriations Committees • Senate Appropriations Committee • House Appropriations Committee • Defense Appropriations Bill • Conference Committees • Resolve Differences Establish limits on broad spending categories for the Authorization / Appropriation Committees and monitors them to ensure caps are not exceeded Approve programs –allow them to exist– and detail policy and funding objectives. Does not commit funds but may set funding expectation Provide funds necessary for authorized defense spending programs Reconciles House & Senate bills

  14. Authority • Mission • Structure • Process NWC/TSDM Source: CSBA 2010

  15. Knowledge Individual Institutional Legislative Liaison Hierarchy • Asst Sec of Defense for Legislative Affairs (ASD-LA) • Responsible directly to the SecDef • Manages, controls, directs + monitors communications and activities Congress and elements of DoD, including OSD, JCS, Armed Services + Defense Agencies Handle all Congressional inquiries and requests – requires larger staff (@80-100 per Service) • Service HQ LL Staff • Authorizing Cmtes + all other inquiries • Appropriations Cmte-specific staffers Unified Command CAG / special staff / personal staff Often only small staff and one part of larger portfolio, most active around hearing time for posture statements, etc. (spring) Specified Command NWC/TSDM CAG / personal staff

  16. Knowledge Individual Institutional Chief of Legislative Affairs Rear Admiral Tom Copeman The Chief of Legislative Affairs (CLA) is the Secretary of the Navy's principal staff assistant for discharging the legislative functions and responsibilities of the Department of the Navy (DoN), with the exception of liaison with the Appropriations Committees, which is, by law, vested with the Comptroller of the Navy. CLA directs the Office of Legislative Affairs and reports directly to the Secretary and to Chief of Naval Operations. NWC/TSDM http://www.navy.mil/navydata/people/ola/ola.html

  17. Take Aways • Congress directly impacts everything DoD does and procures or hopes to do or procure; How • Congress operates distinct from the Executive Branch; • Understanding how Congress functions and why it functions that way is essential to effective decision and policy support NWC/TSDM

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