Exploring the Ocean (Hapalochlaena maculosa) Blue-ringed Octopus

1. Exploring the Ocean(Hapalochlaena maculosa)Blue-ringed Octopus

2. The Ocean generates: • Fresh H2O that we drink. • The O2 we breath • Our climate • Seafood • Medicines

4. Earth • 75% of earth’s surface is composed of water. • 25% land Water • Water- 97% is salt water • 3% freshwater-only about 1% is available to us.

5. Only 5% of the ocean has been explored. • 95% still remains unexplored.

7. Famous Explorers • Jacques Cousteau • Co-inventor of the Aqua-lung. • Revolutionized the way humans view water through books, films and TV series.

8. Dr. Sylvia Earle • Marine Biologist- has led more than 60 expeditions worldwide. • Has spent more than 7,000 hours underwater. (291 days or 9 and ½ months.)

9. Dr. Robert Ballard • One of the world’s most famous ocean explorers best known for his discovery of the Titanic in 1985. • Revolutionized explorations with the use of ROVs (remotely operated vehicles). • 1977 he discovered hydrothermal vents and their unique life forms.

11. Dr. Peter Auster • Director for the National Undersea Research Center, University of Connecticut. • Ecologist and Conservation Biologist whose focus is marine fishes and their habitat.

12. Most Amazing Ocean Locations

13. 1. Mariana Trench • At a depth of 35,805 feet, almost seven miles below surface. • One of the least explored places on earth. • Was pinpointed by the Challenger II in 1951. • Deep enough to swallow Mt Everest.

14. In 1960 Don Walsh and Jacques Piccard descended in the submersible called the Trieste which could withstand 16,000lbs of pressure per square inch. • Japanese-built robot Kaiko • Five hours to descend to the bottom.

20. Nereus (AUV)Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

21. 2. American Samoa • American Samoa group of 6 islands in the Southern Pacific. • Home of the Polynesian culture. • In Samoan Culture Sea turtles have the power to save fisherman.

22. American Samoa’s reefs are home to many hundreds of fish species. • The largest tuna processing plant. • 1,000 lbs of tuna each day in sustainable fisheries.

23. Tuna

24. 3. North Western Hawaiian Islands • World’s largest marine protected areas. • A chain of coral atolls, reefs and islands. • Most diverse aquatic ecosystem. • Stretching over 1,200 miles. • A marine national monument.

26. 4. Gulf of Alaska Seamount Chains • Underwater mountains rise above the seafloor. • Most are extinct volcanoes that formed above hotspots. • Expeditions using ROVs have discovered many deep sea coral, sponges and fish

28. 5. Arctic Ocean- Beaufort Sea

29. Special species adaptations to harsh conditions and temperatures. • Sea ice protects arctic communities and shorelines from erosion. • Ringed seals depend on sea ice to breed and raise their young. • Polar bears depend on ringed seals

30. Climate changes are causing the ice to melt. • Causing loss of habitat. • Many native Alaskans are forced into wildlife habitat because of the diminishing shoreline.

31. 6. Juan De Fuca Ridge

34. Stretching 300 miles along the coast of Oregon and Washington. • Underground Volcanic mountain range. • Created by the separation of the Juan de Fuca plate and the Pacific plate. • Home to many chemo-autotrophic organisms.

35. Hydrothermal vents-Deep sea vents release lava heated water of 400°F. • Black clouds or black smokers. • On contact with seawater minerals crystalize and settle on the sea floor around vent openings. • Over time the mineral deposits grow like chimneys.

36. 7. Monterey Canyon

37. Deep Sea Medusan (Periphylla periphylla)

38. Barreleye Fish

39. A canyon under the sea. • Twice as deep as the Arizona Grand Canyon. • Seafloor-absolute darkness: chemo-autotrophic organisms • Giant kelp and algae major O2 producers. • Full of biodiversity.

40. 8. Gulf of Mexico

41. Accumulated sediments has formed a belt of salt domes underneath the seafloor. • Flower Garden Banks National Marine Sanctuary. • Carbon Rich sediments produce oil banks.

43. 9. Dry Tortugas National Park

44. Seven small islands of coral and rock in the Florida Keys. • Sanctuary for endangered green and loggerhead turtles.

45. Hawksbill Turtle

46. 10. Puerto Rico Trench

47. Deepest place in the Atlantic ocean. • 27,395 ft. (5.2mi) • Caused by tectonic plates similar to San Andreas fault. • Tsunamis and earthquakes are a threat to nearby islands.

48. 11.The Gulf Stream

49. Warm water from the tropics flows to higher latitudes. • Effects weather patterns