1 / 31

Infections of the GI Tract

kipp
Download Presentation

Infections of the GI Tract

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

    1. Infections of the GI Tract Ralph Giannella, M.D.

    5. Acute Infectious Diarrheas in Man Bacteria Viruses Rotavirus Adenovirus Parvovirus Astroviruses Adenoviruses Protozoa Giardia Iamblia Entamoeba hystolytica Cryptosporidium Isospora Microsporidium Cyclospora

    6. Mechanisms of Bacterial Enteric Infections ENTEROTOXINS -V. cholerae, E. coli, S. aureus INVASION -Shigella, Salmonella, Campylobacter CYTOTOXINS -C. Difficile, E. coli, Shigella ENTEROADHESION -E. coli, (EPEC)

    7. Enterotoxins and Cytotoxins Exotoxins secreted by microorganisms Have various effects on the intestine Alter salt and water transport May or may not cause morphologic alterations Biochemical alterations only = enterotoxins Morphologic alterations = cytotoxins

    10. Intracellular Mediators of Enterotoxins Cyclic AMP Cyclic GMP Calcium .

    18. Pathophysiology of Antibiotic Associated Colitis Antibiotic exposure Intestinal endogenous flora Exposure to C. difficile in environment Colonic colonization - C. difficile Elaboration of toxin(s) Diarrhea and colitis

    23. AIDS Related Diarrhea Experienced by 50-60% of AIDS patients Specific pathogens in 75-80% 50% of pathogens are treatable Frequently respond well to general measures A “staged” work up strategy

    24. Differential Diagnosis Inflammatory vs. Non-inflammatory diarrhea

    25. Noninflammatory Diarrhea Watery Stool No blood, pus, tenesmus, or fever Volume can be large and dehydration is possible No fecal leukocytes, and rarely occult blood

    26. Noninflammatory Diarrhea Enterotoxin-producing bacteria Vibrio cholerae Enterotoxigenic E. coli Staphylococcal and clostridium food poisoning Many viruses Cryptosporidia Giardia

    27. Inflammatory Diarrhea Mucoid and bloody stool Tenesmus, fever, or severe abdominal pain Small volume, frequent bowel movements Dehydration unusual Fecal leukocytes, occult blood

    28. Inflammatory Diarrhea Salmonella Shigella Campylobacter Invasive E. coli C. difficile Entamoeba hystolytica Yersinia

    29. Treatment of Acute Diarrhea Fluid and electrolyte replacement Pharmacologic agents Antimicrobial agents

    31. Sodium and Potassium Content of Various Drinks (meq/l)

    32. Composition of Oral Rehydration Solutions (ORS)

More Related