1 / 17

SHIGELLOSIS

SHIGELLOSIS. PRESENTER ADEOYE ABISOYE MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY PUBH 6165 INSTRUCTOR: DR HOWARD RUBIN FALL QUARTER, 2012. acknowledgment.

Download Presentation

SHIGELLOSIS

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. SHIGELLOSIS PRESENTER ADEOYE ABISOYE MPH STUDENT WALDEN UNIVERSITY PUBH 6165 INSTRUCTOR: DR HOWARD RUBIN FALL QUARTER, 2012.

  2. acknowledgment The efforts of Dr Howard Rubin whose special contributions and constructive criticism made this presentation a reality is greatly appreciated. I only but see exciting future.

  3. “we are none of us infallible not even the youngest of us” - GREEK PROVERBS

  4. introduction • The learning Objectives includes: • Why shigellosis is public health concern • How shigellosis is transmitted to human • Health and financial burden of shigellosis • Definition of shigellosis • Epidemiology of shigellosis • Symptoms and signs • Complications • Diagnosis and treatment • Prevention

  5. introduction • Intended Audience • Public health officials • Non governmental organizations • Occupational health officials • Food handlers • Community leaders

  6. Definition of shigellosis? • Shigellosis' can be defined as infectious disease that is caused by Shigella species, which aregram negative rod-shaped bacteria. These bacteria includes: Shigella sonnei, S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri and S. boydii. • It is usually transmitted through food and water contaminated with fecal matter. • United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  7. Definition of shigellosis? • S. sonnei this is also calledGroup D Shigella and it accounts for about 66% of cases in the United States. • S.flexneri is also refer to as group B Shigella and it accounts for the rest. • S. dysenteriae type 1 is the type common in developing countries and can occur in epidemics which could be fatal if not curtail. • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  8. Epidemiology • It can affect all age groups nevertheless, the young, elderly and immune compromised are more susceptible. • It accounts for less than 10% of food borne diseases in the United States with about 14.000 annual cases • Transmission is usually fecal-orally, by flies and through homosexual acts. • It quite prevalent in Africa due to poor hygiene and crowded environments. • Mortality can be as high as 10-15%. FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  9. Epidemiology • Infection sources include • Flies contaminating non-refrigerated foods • Contaminated foods with fecal matter for example: raw vegetables, fresh/smoked fish salads, potato, prawns, chicken, dairy products Like milk. • Contaminated water with human or animal waste such as feces • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  10. Symptoms and signs • Onset of symptoms about 12-50 hours after infection and these includes • Fever • Nausea and Vomiting • Abdominal cramps and pain • Passage of mucoid or bloody loose stools • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  11. Complications • Severe dehydration with electrolyte imbalance • Shock • Intestinal ulcers • Rectal bleeding • Post-infectious arthritis • Chronic arthritis • Confusion and coma • Death • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

  12. Diagnosis and Treatment • Confirmation of Shigellosis is by stool cultures. • Treatment is usually pharmacological • Antibiotics such as septrin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin with adequate rehydration to replace lost fluids are first line of treatment. • FDA (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm • Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417.

  13. Prevention • Can be achieved by promoting: • Frequent hand washing after and before the followings • Micturition and defecation • Handling and changing baby diapers • Handling raw foods • Before cooking or eating • Washing of fruits and vegetables prior to consumption • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  14. Prevention • Other forms of preventions include: • Periodic screening of food handlers and cooks • Reporting of diarrheal diseases cases. • Disinfection of swimming pools and play pens. • Formulating policies preventing people with diarrhea diseases from swimming in public pools. • CDC (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what

  15. Conclusion • Shigellosis is a preventable food borne disease caused by Shigella species. It can be fatal if not attended to promptly and can be prevented easily using simple hygienic measures. • Now we can see from this presentation that it takes simple hygienic measures to get raid of this disease.

  16. Thank you all for listening

  17. References • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2009). Shigellosis. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nczved/divisions/dfbmd/diseases/shigellosis/#what • Ranjbar, R., Hosseini, M.J., Kaffashian, A.R. & Farshad, S. (2010). An outbreak of shigellosis due to Shigella flexneri Serotype 3a in a prison in Iran. Archives of Iranian Medicine 13(5), 414-417. • United States Food and Drug Administration (2009). Bad Bug Book: Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins handbook, Shigella spp. Retrieved from http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/FoodborneIllness/FoodborneIllnessFoodbornePathogensNaturalToxins/BadBugBook/ucm070563.htm

More Related