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Class 12: ROMANTICISM, PART 2 Paganini, Liszt. Opera & Ballet

Class 12: ROMANTICISM, PART 2 Paganini, Liszt. Opera & Ballet. Music Appreciation. The Virtuosi. Niccolò Paganini 1782-1840 Franz Liszt 1811-1886. Niccolò Paganini (Jules Cheret 1872). Paganini. Virtuoso first Composer second Musical Quality vs. Public Purpose?

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Class 12: ROMANTICISM, PART 2 Paganini, Liszt. Opera & Ballet

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  1. Class 12: ROMANTICISM, PART 2Paganini, Liszt.Opera & Ballet Music Appreciation

  2. The Virtuosi • Niccolò Paganini • 1782-1840 • Franz Liszt • 1811-1886

  3. Niccolò Paganini (Jules Cheret 1872)

  4. Paganini • Virtuoso first • Composer second • Musical Quality vs. Public Purpose? • Right-hand technique • Intonation, phrasing • Left-hand technique • Flexibility, speed

  5. Technique • Unequaled today? • Long fingers • Three octaves over four strings • Double harmonics • Legato and pizzicato

  6. Compositions • Where? • Why not published • Sergei Rachmaninoff “Variations on a Theme by Paganini”

  7. Paganini • Reaction • Diabolical! • Fear and fascinated • Critics • Demonized yet awed • Concerts as “events” • Overexposure • Marketing • Broken strings

  8. Biography • Debuted at 10 • Toured until 18 • Mistress (“Kept Man”) • Elisa Baciocchi • Sister of Neapolean • Perfected violin technique for over 10 years • Reappeared • Celebrity • Following/fans/groupies

  9. Elisa Baciocchi

  10. Jascha Heifetz • 1901-1987 • Virtuoso technique • Flamboyant • Israel tour, 1953 • Richard Strauss: “Violin Sonata” • Attack • Defected to US in 1970 • Shoulder damage Paganini Caprice No. 24

  11. Franz Liszt 1811-1886

  12. Biography • Student of Salieri • Debuted at 9 • Beethoven’s “kiss” • Prince Esterházy • Disenchanted • philosophy, religion, literature • Victor Hugo, Heinrich Heine

  13. Just another virtuoso? • Inspired by Paganini • “Kept Man” • Countess Marie d'Agoult • Children, including Cosmia • Virtuoso pianist • Similar fame • Profound musician • New language, like Chopin

  14. Paris • Concerts • First solo “recital” format • Society • Musical • Intellectual • Religious • Lisztomania!

  15. Nationalist • Charity • Churches, hospitals, schools • Young musicians • “Who’s Who” list of students • Hungarian roots

  16. Tragedy: 1860 • Priesthood • Abee • Sacred Music • Tone Poem • Faust Symphony, Liebestraum Very strange!

  17. Dual personality • Huge ego vs. musical humility • virtuoso personality vs. kind, generous friend • Great “lover” and “womanizer” vs. spiritual, humanitarian ideals • “Dies Irae” • “Mephisto Waltz” • “Todentanz”

  18. Cosima Liszt von Bülow Wagner

  19. Cosima (1837-1930) • Relationship with Liszt • Schooling • Musical education • Hans von Bülow • Favored conductor • Liszt and Wager • Married Cosima (two children) • Richard Wagner • Affair and three illegitimate children • Marriage and four children

  20. Mrs. Wagner • Disowned by Liszt • Denounced by von Bülow • “Frau Wagner” • Age difference: 24 years • Three children • Bayreuth Festival • Director and producer: 31 years • Anti-Semite

  21. Bayreuth, then and now

  22. Opera and Ballet Romantic Ideals

  23. The ultimate “Romantic” art foRM • Why? • Celebration of the inexplicable, the super-human • physical accomplishments of vocal and dance technique • Story told through non traditional methods • dance and song • Only profitable ‘classical’ music today. Why?

  24. Ballet • Russia • Paris • USA

  25. Opera • Italy • Bel Canto • Nationalism • Verismo • France • Opera Comique • Germany • Music Drama

  26. Bel Canto • “Beautiful Singing” or “Beautiful Song” • Virtuoso technique requirements • Women • Coloratura • Men • High tessitura

  27. Recent “Bel Canto” revival • Joan Sutherland • Maria Callas • Luciano Pavarotti

  28. Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)

  29. Giuseppe Verdi • “Il Re d’Italia” • Nationalism • “Va, Pensiero” • Shakespeare influence • Rigoletto (1851) • Quartet • Aida (1900) • Leontyne Price

  30. Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)

  31. Biography • Inspired by Aida performance • “Real life” situations • Exotic locations • US West • Asia • Shorten, tighter drama • Melody

  32. La Boheme • 1896 • Young characters • Artists • Paris • romantic • Baz Lehrman production • German TV • Act II (Musetta’s “waltz”) (Very strange!)

  33. Tosca 1900 • Political • Controversial • Torture • Murder • Attempted rape End of Act II • Maria Callas End of Act III • Angela Gheorghiu and Roberto Alagna

  34. Next week…. • Ballet • French Opera (Carmen) • German Opera (Die Walküre and Salome) • Disclaimer

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