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Role of Dietary Methionine in Poultry Production

Role of Dietary Methionine in Poultry Production. Summarized & Presented By Ahmed M. Al- Zahrani – PhD student Animal Science Department Advance Poultry Nutrition Advisor prof . Tariq Shafey. Contents. Introduction Source of Methionine Comparative Bioeffcacy of DLM and LMA

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Role of Dietary Methionine in Poultry Production

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  1. Role of Dietary Methionine in Poultry Production

  2. Summarized & Presented ByAhmed M. Al-Zahrani – PhD studentAnimal Science DepartmentAdvance Poultry NutritionAdvisor prof. Tariq Shafey

  3. Contents • Introduction • Source of Methionine • Comparative Bioeffcacy of DLM and LMA •  Absorption and Transportation •  Interrelationship between Methionine and Other Nutrients • Dietary Cyst(e)ine and Sulfur • Methyl Donors • Protein Level in the Diet

  4. Contents • Methionine and Heat Stress. • Effect of Methionine on the Immune System • Methionine Requirement • Broiler Chickens • Laying Hens • Conclusions

  5. Introduction

  6. This presentation • Effects of supplementation • Effects of DLM and LMA sources.

  7. Importance of Methionine: • EAS for protein synthesis. • methyl donor group. • precursor in metabolic pathways. • Involved in polyamine synthesis. • As a sulfur donor. • Enhance production. • First limiting amino acid • Reduce cost.

  8. Balance of EAA help to: Enhances growth. Maximizes ediblemeat yield. Reduces carcass fat. Balance animal’s nutrient intake. • ↑ Methionine: • Impair body weight gain. • 0.5% ↑ not harmful to broiler chicks fed corn-soybean meal diets.

  9. Deficiency has a significant negative impact • Growth. • Metabolic disorder. • Disease.

  10. Why more methionine supp. required? Because: • The need for plant protein source▲ instead of animal protein. • Using byproducts of seed oil ▲ • Used in two forms: • DLM. • HMTBA HydroxyMethyleThioButanic Acid.

  11. Source of Methionine

  12. Synthesis Methionine produced from propylene (a petroleum derivative). • DLM & LMA is known as: • DL-Methionine (DLM: powder form). • DL-2-hydroxy-4-[methyl] butanoic acid: • LMA: liquid 88% • & powder 84%

  13. Comparative Bioeffcacyof DLM and LMA

  14. Bioavailability of LMA compared with DLM in 65-90%. • Bioavailability difference of DLM & LMA remain unclear. • Biological efficiencies of LMA were 81 and 79% of the values for DLM, on an equimolar basis, for weight gain and feed conversion ratio, respectively. • LMA is an acceptable source of methionine (88% bioefficacy) for broiler chicks.

  15. Regression analysis revealed that: • LMA asefficacious aspureDLMonan as-fed basis, was: • meanwhile LMA as efficacious as DLM on a weight-for- weightwas:

  16. The effects of dietary treatments on growth performance of male broiler chickens from 0-6 weeks of age

  17. comparing the gain-response curve to dietary levels of LMA and DLM: • Both have different dose-response forms. • LMA outperforms DLM at commercial levels, whereas DLM outperforms LMA at deficient levels.

  18. Absorption and Transportation

  19. Transport • What & How? • The cell membrane consists of 2 layers of protein molecules enclosing a middle layer of lipid (fat) molecules. • Many tiny openings or pores. • The cell membrane is famous for its selective permeability. • The processes to pass cell membrane: (Diffusion, active transport & ingestion)

  20. Interrelationship between Methionine and Other NutrientsDietary Cyst(e)ineandSulfurMethyl DonorsProtein Level in the Diet

  21. Dietary Cyst(e)ine and Sulfur • Methionine have many interrelationships with other nutrients. WHY? because many metabolic pathways and other nutrients (cystine, choline, betain, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, and folate) involve methionine. • The molar efficacies of methionine, 1/2 cystine and cysteine were the same. • Poultry require meth. & cysteine for protein synthesis.

  22. Methyl Donors • Methionine, betaine and choline are methyl donors that play important roles in methylation reactions. • Eeffect of methionine is unique and other methyl donors could not substitute for methionine.

  23. Protein Level in the Diet • Level of methionine depend on the protein concentration. • TSAA level depends on the dietary protein level. It does not change with age when it is expressed in terms of dietary protein. • Broiler chick’s requirement for TSAA increased with increasing dietary protein concentrations. • The amino acid requirements tended to ↓as protein content ↑.

  24. In laying hens when the ratio of protein: methionine was kept constant:- • Methionine sup. to (18% CP) ↓ egg production. • Methionine sup. To (14 and 16% CP) ↑ production. • ↑ cysteine content by ↑ dietary protein →↓methionine requirement.

  25. Methionineand Heat Stress

  26. ↑ temp. → ↓ feed intake to maintain homeothermy. • Imbalance amino acid or methionine deficiency →↑ heat production when temp. is ↑. • Raising broiler at ↑ temp. requires higher TSAA. • Dietary protein produces a ↑ heat increment. So we need to replace it with essential amino acids during ↑ temp.

  27. ↓ limiting amino acid or protein content in the diet negatively affects production performance. • Arg: Lys, methionine source and duration of exposure to heat stress affected protein utilization in hyperthermic birds. • Methionine to a low-protein diet →↓mortality of hens under heat stress.

  28. Effects of additional methionine in low-protein diet on production performance of laying hens from 24 to 44 weeks of age under heat stress (35°C)

  29. Net absorption during heat of LMA was significantly↓than DLM (broiler chicks 21 to 42 days of age). • At ↑temp. (35°C): • length and weight of the small intestine ↓. • Absorption rate of both methionine sources ↑ compared to that under thermoneutral conditions (22°C). They also suggested a higher absorption velocity for DLM than that for LMA. Uptake & utilization in heat-stressed birds into intestinal epithelial cells were : ↓ forDLM but not for LMA.

  30. Effect of Methionine on the Immune System

  31. High methionine supplementation promotes good health for poultry. For example: improved leukocyte migration inhibition, cellular immune response and humoral immune response. ↑ blood serum total protein, albumin, globulin and antibody response to Newcastle disease virus.

  32. Methionine overcome growth depression. • TSAA supp. of diets containing aflatoxin improved performance in chickens.  • ↑(DLM and LMA) →↓intestinal populations of Clostridium perfringens in broiler chickens. and may ↓ the risk of necrotic enteritis. • The toxicity of LMA was low relative to DLM.

  33. Methionine RequirementBroiler Chickens Laying Hens

  34. Broiler Chickens

  35. Feed consumption is mainly controlled by dietary energy. • Level and balance of (EAA) significantly affected feed intake, consequent weight gain and carcass composition. • Broiler chicks react to amino acid deficiencies within a short period (hours) by adjusting feed intake.

  36. TSAA requirement ↑ than methionine: for maximum feed utilization and breast meat yield than for obtaining maximum weight gain. • based on the feed conv. ratio in broilers : • 0.95% TSAA most profitable if grown to 1.7 kg. • 0.85% TSAA most profitable if grown to 2.2 kg.

  37. Genetic diversity influences the methionineutilization. • Different strains require different amounts of methionine. • ↑Methionine→: • ↑ breast meat. • ↓ abdominal fat pad. due to a good balance of AA

  38. Broiler nutrition recommendations according to the nutrition guideline of strains

  39. Laying Hens

  40. Methionine expressed as mg/day. • NRC (1994) reported : • Above 413 mg/day → : • ↑ Albumen total solids and protein. • At 507 and 556 mg/day →: • ↑ yolk protein compared to 413

  41. Investigators found the following: • White-egg laying hens require ↓ TSAA than brown-egg laying hens. • Commercial laying hens require ↑TSAA than the NRC (1994) recommendation.

  42. The requirement for maximum egg production is ↓ than for maximum feed utilization. And the requirement for egg quality is ↑ than for egg production and feed utilization. • Methionine intake should be ↑than 420 mg/day to maximize the quantity and quality of egg production.

  43. Conclusions • Methionine is important for poultry production. • Level should carefully considered. • Requirement to support immune system is high because it is needed for protein synthesis & to produce some antioxidants. • Absorption and utilization of DLM and LMA under heat stress is unclear (complicated.) • In normal situations, LMA can be used as a source of methionine.

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