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Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines

Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines Jesse H. Ausubel Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller University http://phe.rockefeller.edu. Bankside Power Station, London

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Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines

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  1. Millennium Technology Prize Symposium Espoo, Finland 14 June 2004 Big Green Energy Machines Jesse H. Ausubel Program for the Human Environment The Rockefeller University http://phe.rockefeller.edu

  2. Bankside Power Station, London Opened for power generation in 1953, became Tate Gallery in 2000 100m tall “Footprint” covers 3.5 hectares Comparably powerful plant built today could fit in 1/10th the space

  3. Hydrocarbon fuels ranked by heat value Heat Value Rank Source: N. Victor & J. Ausubel, 2003

  4. Basic ZEPP configuration, 400 atm case 1133º C 70 atm O2 CH4 790º C 400 atm combustor regenerator 1500º C 400 atm 120º C 70 atm 80º C 400 atm 1133º C 70 atm condenser 30º C 70 atm pump gas turbine generator 80º C 400 atm Source: After Ichihara, Tokyo Electric Power

  5. Efficiency increases with higher pressure and temperature. Power Generation Efficiencies for Power Plants 1700 1500 Gas Turbine 50~55% ZEPP 63% (projected) ZEPP 70% (projected) Gas Turbine 48% ZEPP 59% (projected) Gas Turbine 43% 1000 Steam Turbine (Ultra Supercritical) 42~43% 500 Steam Turbine (Conventional) 38~40% 100 200 400 600 800 1000 Temperature, Celsius Pressure, atmospheres Source: After Ichihara

  6. USA: Hydrogen production, 1971-1999 semi-log scale 106 Millions of cubic feet 105 104 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Source: N. M. Victor and J.H. Ausubel, 2002

  7. Major fuels ranked by heat value 108 Natural uranium in FBR Uranium enriched to 3.5% in LWR Naturaluranium in CANDU 106 Heat Value Natural uranium in LWR Naturaluranium in LWR with U & Pu recycle MJ/kg 104 Hydrogen LPG Black Coals 102 Natural Gas Firewood Crude Oils Brown Coals 100 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Rank Source: N. Victor and J. Ausubel, 2003

  8. Thermal Insulation Vacuum MgB2 MgB2 Hypothetical SuperGridenergy pipe ± 50,000 Vdc 100,000 A 10 GW Electrical Insulation Liquid H2 @ 21 K Source: P. Grant, EPRI

  9. Energy SuperGrid pipe could share tunnels with high-speed, long-distance trains Source: EPRI

  10. Like computers that comprise the Internet, power plants become more powerful AND SMALLER Dell laptop, 2004 US Ballistic Research Lab computer, mid 1950s Tennessee Valley Authority coal plant (date unknown) Delivery of General Electric 480 MW natural gas turbine, 2000

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