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January 3—How were the causes of WWI and WWII similar? Different?

January 3—How were the causes of WWI and WWII similar? Different?. European Causes of World War II. I. German aggression II. Italian aggression III. Anti-Comintern Pact IV. Austria V. Munich Pact VI.Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. IB Objectives.

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January 3—How were the causes of WWI and WWII similar? Different?

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  1. January 3—How were the causes of WWI and WWII similar? Different?

  2. European Causes of World War II • I. German aggression • II. Italian aggression • III. Anti-Comintern Pact • IV. Austria • V. Munich Pact • VI.Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

  3. IB Objectives Long-term, short-term and immediate causes Economic, ideological, political, religious causes

  4. IB Paper 2 Sample Questions Compare and contrast the reasons for Germany’s involvement in the First and Second World Wars. Analyse (a) the long-term causes and (b) the short-term causes, of the Second World War. Compare and contrast the causes of the First World War and the Second World War.

  5. IB Paper 2 Sample Questions Assess the social and economic causes of one twentieth-century war.

  6. Key Terms • Appeasement • Axis Powers • Anti-Comintern Pact • Munich Pact • Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact

  7. World Wars: Causes and Effects • End of Old Order • Political instability • Disillusionment • Resentment • Economic Suffering • Social Chaos • Nationalism • Rise of dictatorships • Aggressive Expansion • Economic Competition • Nationalism • Militarism • Alliances World War II • Shift in balance of power • Emergence of superpowers • Creation of new nations • Founding of United Nations World War I

  8. German aggression • In March 1935 Hitler violated the disarmament clause of the Treaty of Versailles and introduced compulsory military training • In 1936 German troops occupied the demilitarized zone of the Rhineland.

  9. France’s Response • France refused to respond to Hitler’s aggression in large part because the Great Depression had caused political instability in France. • When Hitler invaded the Rhineland the French were so divided politically that they could not agree on how to deal with Germany.

  10. Appeasement • France and Britain followed a policy of appeasement which means that they were willing to yield to the demands of dictators in the belief that once these demands were satisfied the dictators would become good members of the family of nations. • As late a 1938 Britain only spent ¼ as much on armaments as Germany.

  11. Italian aggression • In October 1935 Italy attacked Ethiopia from Italian Somalia. • The League of Nations imposed sanctions on Italy but the economic sanctions were never enforced and Italy soon occupied Ethiopia.

  12. Axis Powers • The sanctions angered Mussolini so he made an alliance with Hitler. • Mussolini spoke of Rome and Berlin as forming a political “Axis.” The term was subsequently applied to the German-Italian-Japanese alliance.

  13. Anti-Comintern Pact • In November 1936, Germany and Japan signed the Anti-Comintern Pact, supposedly directed against international Communism, but in reality a treaty of friendship. • Italy signed a year later.

  14. German Strategy Germany would attain its peak military strength in 1943-1945, and this would be the latest date for launching war, but it could begin earlier. Hitler’s goal in 1938 was to neutralize Austria and Czechoslovakia in order to protect Germany’s southern flank for future military actions against France and the USSR.

  15. Austria • In March 1938 the Austrians voted to join Germany. • This action violated the Versailles Treaty but since Austria had voluntarily joined Germany they did nothing.

  16. Munich Pact • The ultimate example of appeasement • Occurred in 1938 • Hitler’s goal was to neutralize Austria and Czechoslovakia to protect Germany’s southern flank for future military operations against France and the Soviet Union.

  17. Munich Pact • According to Hitler all he wanted was to bring the Germans who against their will had been separated from Germany into it, especially the Austrians and the German minority in the Sudeten region of Czechoslovakia.

  18. Munich Pact • Hitler invited the British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain, the French Premier Edouard Daladier, and Mussolini to a meeting in Munich. • Chamberlain and Daladier accepted Hitler’s terms and then put enormous pressure on Czechoslovakia to annex the territory.

  19. Munich Pact • This area contained Czechoslovakia's mountainous fortifications and its loss left Czechoslovakia militarily defenseless. • Hitler promised to guarantee the integrity of what remained of Czechoslovakia, but in March the German army occupied the remainder of Czechoslovakia.

  20. Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact • August 23, 1939, the Soviet Union and Germany signed a treaty of nonaggression and friendship. • The secret agreement stated that in case of war they would divide Poland between them, that the Soviet Union would have a “sphere of influence” over Finland , the Baltic States, and Bessarabia. In return the Soviets pledged to stay out of any war between Germany and Poland and any countries that came to Poland’s aid.

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