The global burden of non-communicable disease and the policy challenge

1. The global burden of non-communicable disease and the policy challenge Professor Sir Michael Marmot

2. NCDs in high, middle and low income countries • Health inequalities and the social gradient in health • Policy challenge: national and local

3. Projected deaths by cause for high-, middle, and low-income countries Other NCDs Cancer CVD Source: WHO, 2008

4. NCDs in high, middle and low income countries • Health inequalities and the social gradient in health • Policy challenge: national and local

5. HEALTH DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ENGLAND AND THE US 55-64 year olds % Prevalence Heart disease Diabetes Cancer Source: Banks, Marmot, Oldfield and Smith; JAMA 2006

6. Cardiovascular deaths of people aged 45 - 64 and social inequalities: Porto Alegre, Brazil CVD deaths per 100,000 inhabitants Socioeconomic level of districts (Source: Bassanesi, Azambuja & Achutti, Arq Bras Cardiol, 2008)

7. Age standardised circulatory disease death rates at ages under 75, by local ward deprivation level, 1999 and 2001-2003:England

8. Life expectancy at age 25 by education, men Source: Health inequalities in the EU 2013

9. Life expectancy at age 25 by education, women Source: Health inequalities in the EU 2013

10. Obesity prevalence according to educational attainment, averaged across 19 EU Member States (Source: Eurothine 2007 reported in Robertson et al 2007)

11. Social patterning of diabetes by education and by monthly income, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fleisher et al 2008

12. Occupational stress in European countries

13. ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION RELATIVE TO ITS PRICE: UK Tighe, 2003

14. NCDs in high, middle and low income countries • Health inequalities and the social gradient in health • Policy challenge: national and local

15. The causes of the causes

16. Fairness at the heart of all policies. • Health inequalities result from social inequalities – requires action on all the social determinants. • Focusing solely on the most disadvantaged will not reduce inequalities sufficiently – action is needed across the social distribution.

17. Social determinants of health across the lifecourse

18. Fair Society: Healthy Lives: 6 Policy Objectives • Give every child the best start in life • Enable all children, young people and adults to maximise their capabilities and have control over their lives • Create fair employment and good work for all • Ensure healthy standard of living for all • Create and develop healthy and sustainable places and communities • Strengthen the role and impact of ill health prevention

19. Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide in the WHO Euro Region The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) – Closing the gap in a generation Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England: The Marmot Review – Fair Society Healthy Lives

20. Country clusters by level of policy response Cluster 1: Relatively positive and active response to health inequalities. At least one national response to HIs or comprehensive regional HI policy responses. Cluster 2: Variable response to health inequalities. No explicit national policy on HIs, but at least one explicit regional response or a number of other policies with some focus on health inequalities. Cluster 3: Relatively undeveloped response to health inequalities. No focused national or regional responses to health inequalities, no explicit health inequality reduction targets (though there may be targeted actions on the social determinants of health). Source: Report on Health Inequalities in the EU

21. LOCAL ACTION: • Local authorities • 75% of local authorities have been significantly influenced by Marmot, evidence by their Health and Well-being Strategies and JSNAs(joint Strategic Needs Assessments) • We have worked directly with 40 plus local authorities • English PartnershipLocal government partnership between IHE and 7-8 local authorities until 2014/15 – intensive working to develop SDH approach to health inequalities. Disseminate findings

22. Priorities agreed by 65 Health and Well-being Boards – Local Government England Kings Fund 2013

23. West Midlands Fire Service Supporting Young People into Employment and Training

25. Keeping Vulnerable Communities Safe • over 80 years are 4 X more likely to die from fire • Smoking materials contributory factor in 49% of fatal fires • Alcohol or drugs were present in 47% of fatal fires • The householder known to mental health or social care providers in 39% of fire deaths • 70%of accidentalhouse fires take place in the lower quintile of Super Output Area (WMFS) • 72% of house fires caused by arson take place in the lower quintile of Super Output Areas (WMFS) WMFS

26. Malmö, Sweden • Commission for a Socially Sustainable Malmo, chaired by Sven-Olof Isaacson, March 2011 • to translate the findings of the CSDH into a form suitable to address social determinants and health inequalities in Malmo • Report March 2013

27. Malmö:Six areas for action • Children and young people´s livings conditions • Living environment and urban planning • Education • Income and employment • Health services’ • Changes in processes for socially sustainable development

28. Action to tackle health inequalities “Every sector a health sector” Empower individuals and communities – create the conditions for people to take responsibility

29. A world where social justice is taken seriously www.who.int/social_determinants/en