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Patterns in Urban Soil Biodiversity: Biotic Homogenization and Urban Vicariance

Patterns in Urban Soil Biodiversity: Biotic Homogenization and Urban Vicariance. Katalin Szl á vecz, Elisabeth Hornung Csaba Csuzdi, Zolt á n Kors ó s, Ferenc Vilisics, P é ter S ó lymos, Richard Pouyat. Questions and Challenges. Are there general patterns among cities ?

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Patterns in Urban Soil Biodiversity: Biotic Homogenization and Urban Vicariance

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  1. Patterns in Urban Soil Biodiversity: Biotic Homogenization and Urban Vicariance Katalin Szlávecz, Elisabeth Hornung Csaba Csuzdi, Zoltán Korsós, Ferenc Vilisics, Péter Sólymos, Richard Pouyat

  2. Questions and Challenges • Are there general patterns among cities? • Different land use history, management, population • Different sampling methodology • What are the similarities and differences amongsoil invertebrate taxa? • Different natural history • Difficulties in zoogeographical evaluation

  3. Remnant fragments Parks Lawns, gardens Greenhouses Buildings Increasinghuman impact Landscape Heterogeneity Baltimore, 1752

  4. Baltimore Ecosystem Study http://www.beslter.org/

  5. The Losers: Species Rich Taxa rs (urban) = 0.68 0.05<p<0.1 rs (suburban) = 0.86 0.025<p<0.05 Memorabilia Zoologia 34. 1981

  6. Species dominance changes in the city:Sorø, Denmark Porcellio scaber Vilisics et al. 2007

  7. Novel Habitats: Greenhouses • Percentage of fauna: • Earthworms 7.8% • Isopods 7.3% • Diplopods 5% • Origin: • SE Asia, Africa, Tropical America, Canary Islands, Iberian region

  8. Buildings: sewer system Domicole species Greenhouses in the temperate regions Many habitats in the warmer regions Novel Habitats: Buildings Dichogaster bolaui Csuzdi et al. 2008

  9. Biotic Homogenization Method: biotic element analysis; model based clustering of species’ ranges

  10. Similarity of soil fauna Homogenizing sp. All species Native species Betasim = pmin(b,c)/(pmin(b,c)+a) b and c : number of species in one or the other community only a: number of species in both communities Similarity is decreasing with increasing geographical distance

  11. Urban explorers: Urban Vicariance North America: Baltimore Cylindroiulus punctatus, Atlantic species Cylindroiulus boleti, Continental species

  12. Urban Vicariance: Examples Brachyiulus bagnalli B. pusillus Continental Atlantic Budapest Warsaw, Coppenhagen N Am: Baltimore Polydesmus complanatus P. inconstansContinentalAtlantic Budapest, Moscow Hamburg, Lublin, Warsaw N Am: Baltimore

  13. Summary • All three groups have species adapted to novel habitats, but proportion and significance of exotics is taxon dependent • Local fauna is still present, but with varying success • Both relative and absolute density changes along the urban-rural gradient • Earthworms showed the highest tendency for homogenization

  14. Acknowledgements National Science Foundation USDA Forest Service Hungarian Science Foundation (OTKA) Hungarian Natural History Museum

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