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The Holocaust

The Holocaust. EQ: How is genocide and other acts of mass violence humanly possible? 4/18. Warning:. Today’s lesson contains disgusting, brutal and offensive material. But there is nothing pretty about genocide. 1. What is Genocide?.

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The Holocaust

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  1. The Holocaust EQ: How is genocide and other acts of mass violence humanly possible? 4/18

  2. Warning: • Today’s lesson contains disgusting, brutal and offensive material. • But there is nothing pretty about genocide.

  3. 1. What is Genocide? • deliberate actions taken to destroy or exterminate a group of people based on race/religion/ethnicity

  4. 2. Holocaust Victims… • 6 million Jews • 1.5 million children under 12 • 5 million others “undesirables 11 Million Killed

  5. HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN? • It starts with small biases…….. • Have you ever been participated in stereotyping? • Made fun of someone different from you? • Laughed at a racial joke?

  6. Spectrum of Hatred • Acts of Subtle Bias • Acts of Prejudice • Acts of Discrimination • Acts of Violence • Acts of Extreme Violence • Genocide Least Harmful Most Harmful

  7. 3. ANTI-SEMITISM • This is a dislike of Jewish people • For hundreds of years Christian Europe had regarded the Jews as the Christ -killers. At one time or another Jews had been driven out of almost every European country. • In 1275 they were made to wear a yellow badge • In 1287 269 Jews were hanged in the Tower of London.

  8. Increase in Anti-Semitism Feelings • After the First World War hundreds of Jews were blamed for the defeat in the War. • Prejudice against the Jews grew during the economic depression which followed. • Many Germans were poor and unemployed and wanted someone to blame. They turned on the Jews, many of whom were rich and successful in business.

  9. Germany at the end of WWI • Germany was a defeated nation • Peace Treaty requirements • Stock Market Crash • These conditions allow Hitler to come to power

  10. Adolf Hitler courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives Photo credit: USHMM Photo Archives Photo credit: National Archives, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

  11. 1936 Olympics German citizens salute Adolf Hitler at the 1936 Olympics in Berlin courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

  12. Rise of the Nazi Party • Hitler’s Promises • Better life • Germany will again be A great nation • Racial purity • Aryan race is the best courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives Hitler Youth Parade.

  13. As Nazis slowly became more powerful, they began passing laws limiting the freedom of Jews.

  14. 4. The Nuremberg Laws • legalized discrimination • id cards and J’s on passports • curfews • Forced to wear yellow stars • “You have no right to live among us as Jews.”

  15. Kristallnacht “Night Of Broken Glass” Photo credits: Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, courtesy of USHMM Photo Archives

  16. 5. Kristallnacht • Gov’t sponsored riot • Nazi party members and government officials • Destroyed synagogues, Jewish homes and businesses • Rioters destroyed 267 synagogues throughout Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland. Many synagogues burned throughout the night, in full view of the public and of local firefighters, who had received orders to intervene only to prevent flames from spreading to nearby buildings. SA and Hitler Youth members across the country shattered the shop windows of an estimated 7,500 Jewish-owned commercial establishments, and looted their wares. Jewish cemeteries became a particular object of desecration in many regions

  17. 6. Forced Relocations • Jews were rounded up and forced to leave their homes • First they were sent to ghettos • Then to concentration camps • And to killing centers • You have no right to live among us.”

  18. Family being forced into Ghettos

  19. Prisoners arriving at the camps…

  20. Entrance to Auschwitz “Work will set you free” Auschwitz was the largest concentration camp complex. Located in Poland

  21. 7. Concentration Camps • Where Jews were sent • Work camps • Faced disease, starvation, and harsh conditions

  22. Crowded Conditions

  23. Even the very young…

  24. Shoes

  25. Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn. After liberation, an Allied soldier displays a stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald.

  26. “You have no right to live !” Photo credit: Leopold Page Photographic Collection

  27. Jewish women, some holding infants, are forced to wait in a line before their execution by Germans and Ukrainian collaborators.

  28. A German policeman shoots individual Jewish women who remain alive in the ravine after the mass execution.

  29. Nazis sift through a huge pile of clothes left by victims of the massacre. Two year old Mani Halef’s clothes are somewhere amongst these.

  30. Photo credit: German NationalArchives

  31. Smoke rises as the bodies are burned

  32. 8. Dehumanization • Crushes the spirit of the victims • Protects the perpetrators from feeling guilty

  33. 6 Million Jews Killed • That’s 1/3 of the entire Jewish population • Worst recorded case of genocide • Yet many Germans claimed to know nothing about it • “All that is necessary for evil to triumph is when good men do nothing.”

  34. We’ve learned our lesson, right? • These acts of evil that allowed the Holocaust to happen haven’t been repeated? • Wrong!

  35. 8. Genocide in Recent Times • Rwanda 1994 • Kosovo 1998 • The Darfur region of Sudan—Right now

  36. Where is this?

  37. Genocide in Darfur Sudan • Arab militias called the Janjaweed are killing the black Sudanese in Darfur • Janjaweed is supported by the Gov’t

  38. Over 400,000 killed • More than 2 million are living in Refugee camps • Refugee—one who flees their home for safety reasons

  39. What problems do you think they face?

  40. Rwanda • Conflict between the Hutus and Tutsis exploded in violence in April 1994 when Hutu President’s was killed in airplane crash

  41. 100 Days of Horror • 800,000 massacred • 11% of the population • 250,000 women and young girls raped • 50% infected with HIV

  42. To break that down… • 5 people dead • 2 women violated • Every minute • Of Every hour • Of Every day • For 100 days straight • While the international community did NOTHING

  43. Where’s the Love?

  44. Homework: Reflection/Summary • Please write on SEPARATE Page (it will be torn out of notebook.) • Write Summary/Reflection of today’s lesson • Include how you felt about what you learned today and the images you saw.

  45. Holocaust Reading Cluster Project • Dialectical Journal of Personal History • Poem and Picture Analysis • I Am Poem or Sensory Figure (from the perspective of either a Jew in a concentration camp or a Nazi Camp Worker.)

  46. You will find everything you need in your group’s folder. Your folder has: • Dialectical Journal Examples—you must use 5 passages from the text and give a THOROUGH reflection. (paragraph) • Questions for Analyzing the Poem and Picture • Template for I AM poem DO NOT write on any materials in the folder. You should turn in all 3 parts of the project TOGETHER and on Friday.

  47. Valentina’s Story • Use Sticky Notes to write down shocking details, important people, or major ideas • With your group, discuss and complete the questions for review.

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