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Animal Body Plans

Animal Body Plans. Chapter 32. Geologic Time Scale. Millions of Years. end of dinosaurs. 1 st dinosaur. 1 st reptiles 1 st amphibians. 1 st land plants 1 st fish. 1 st invertebrates.

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Animal Body Plans

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  1. Animal Body Plans Chapter 32

  2. Geologic Time Scale Millions of Years end of dinosaurs 1st dinosaur 1st reptiles 1st amphibians 1st land plants 1st fish 1st invertebrates

  3. Ediacaran Fauna: distinctive group of fossils dating from and existing only during Precambrian time • The fauna arose about 600 mya. • Named for Australia's Ediacara hills, where it was first discovered. Such fossils were later found to be widespread. • These animals lived in shallow seas and had soft bodies that bear little resemblance to later life forms, and were about 1 m in length. • May be an evolutionary dead end

  4. Reconstruction of the sea floor during the Vendian times when the Ediacaran organisms thrived

  5. Ediacaran Fauna(600-540 MYBP)end of Precambrian era

  6. Ediacaran Seas Sea pens Mostly cnidarians and worms

  7. Edicarian Fauna

  8. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation (540 MYBP) Burgess Shale

  9. Ancient Seas at the During the Cambrian Radiation(540 MYBP) Drawings based on fossils collected from Burgess Shale in British Columbia, Canada

  10. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Feeding tentacles Hallucigena spines Similar to a sea urchin An explosion of body plans

  11. Burgess Shale Fauna(540 MYBP) Pikaia- earliest known chordate

  12. Anomalocaris Burgess Shale Fauna(540-530 MYBP Opabinia Wiwaxia

  13. Living Invertebrates

  14. Phylogentic Relationships of Animals Platyhelminthes Porifera Mollusca Chordata Arthropoda Annelida Cnideria Nematoda Echinodermata pseudocoelom segmentation acoelom Protostome: schizocoelem Deuterostomes: eucoelom radial symmetry bilateral symmetry no true tissues true tissue Ancestral Protist

  15. Early Embryonic Development of an Animal

  16. Major Stages of Animal Development • gametogenesis • fertilization • cleavage • blastula • gastrulation • differentiation and morphogenesis

  17. Hypothetical Scheme for the Origin of Multicellularity in Animals

  18. Protostome vs Deuterostome Blastula Protostome- blastopore becomes mouth Deuterostome- blastopore becomes anus Blastopore

  19. What is a Phylum?

  20. Some Examples of Animal Phyla • Phylum Cnidaria • sea anemones, corals, jellyfish, man-of-wars & hydroids • Phylum Mollusca • snails, slugs, chitons, clams, oysters, octopods & squids • Phylum Arthropoda • spiders, scorpions, crabs, shrimp, insects & centipedes • Phylum Echinodermata • sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers & sea lilies • Phylum Chordata • sea squirts, fish, amphibian, reptiles, birds & mammals

  21. Phylum Chordata

  22. Major Body Plan Characteristics of Animals • Symmetry • Primary Germ Layers • Gut Organization • Body Cavity • Segmentation • Skeletal Systems • Circulatory Systems • Appendages • Coloniality

  23. Symmetry • Asymmetry • Radial Symmetry • Bilateral Symmetry

  24. Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry

  25. Radial Symmetry JellyfishPhylum Cnidaria

  26. Pentamerous Radial Symmetry Sea StarsPhylum Echinodermata

  27. Bilateral Symmetry SlugPhylum Mollusca

  28. Bilateral Symmetry SquidPhylum Mollusca

  29. Primary Germ Layers • None • Diploblastic • Triploblast

  30. Fates of the Primary Germ Layers • Ectoderm • hair, nails, epidermis, brain, nerves • Mesoderm • notochord (in chordates), dermis, blood vessels, heart, bones, cartilage, muscle • Endoderm • internal lining of the gut and respiratory pathways, liver, pancreas

  31. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  32. The Formation of Primary Germ Layers

  33. Germ Layer Patterns Diploblastic

  34. Diploblastic- two germ layers Phylum Cnidaria

  35. Germ Layer Patterns Triploblastic- 3 germ layers acoelomate

  36. Gut Organization • No Gut • Blind Sac Gut • Complete Gut

  37. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  38. No Gut SpongesPhylum Porifera

  39. Blind Sac Gut Phylum Cnidaria

  40. Complete Gut

  41. Body Cavities • Acoelomate • Eucoelomate • Pseudocoelomate

  42. Body Cavities Acoelomate- lacks cavity between gut and outer body wall

  43. Body Cavities Eucoelomate- body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

  44. Body Cavities Pseudocoelomate- body cavity partially lined with mesoderm

  45. Advantages of aFluid-Filled Body Cavity • hydrostatic skeleton • greater freedom for internal organs • greater body size because of body fluid circulation

  46. Segmentation

  47. Segmentation CentipedePhylum Arthropoda

  48. Segmentation LobsterPhylum Arthropoda

  49. Skeleton

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